Self-Reported Physical Activity and Relations to Growth and Neurotrophic Factors in Diabetes Mellitus: The Framingham Offspring Study

Table 1

Study characteristics of participants at Framingham Offspring examination cycle 7.

Demographic variables	Participants without DM	Participants with DM	Age-adjusted
Age, years, (at examination 7)			<0.0001
Women, (%)	712 (46)	69 (39)	0.044
BMI, kg/m^2, median (Q1, Q3)	27 (25, 30)	31 (28, 36)	<0.0001
Current smoking, (%)	191 (12)	18 (10)	0.911
Hypertension, (%)	573 (37)	123 (69)	<0.0001
Triglycerides, mg/dl,			<0.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dl,			0.0009
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl,			<0.0001
Lipid med use, (%)	215 (14)	60 (34)	<0.0001
Hypertension med use, (%)	379 (24)	100 (56)	<0.0001
APOE ε4+, (%)	310 (20)	41 (23)	0.342
Physical activity measures
Total physical activity (PAI), median (Q1, Q3)	37 (33, 41)	37 (33, 42)	0.393
Sedentary time, hours/day, median (Q1, Q3)	6 (4, 8)	6 (4, 8)	0.027
Flights walked, median (Q1, Q3)	6 (3, 10)	5 (2, 10)	0.031
Blocks walked, median (Q1, Q3)	12 (3, 24)	6 (1, 12)	<0.0001
Total ambulatory physical activity; Flights + blocks walked, median (Q1, Q3)	17 (9, 30)	12 (6, 22)	<0.0001

Abbreviations: DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index; APOE: apolipoprotein E; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; PAI: physical activity index; Q: quartile. This value was not age-adjusted.