Early Treatment with Empagliflozin and GABA Improves β-Cell Mass and Glucose Tolerance in Streptozotocin-Treated Mice

Figure 3

Effect of empagliflozin, GABA, and their combination on islet density and number. At the end of the treatment, the pancreas of the control mice (CTL, blue bar); untreated diabetic mice (T1D, red bar); and mice treated with empagliflozin (T1D EMPA, green bar), GABA (T1D GABA, orange bar), or empagliflozin and GABA (T1D EMPA+GABA, navy blue bar) were collected. The pancreas was divided into three parts, and its tail was used for hematoxylin and eosin coloration. The islet numbers (a and b) and the islet and pancreas areas (c and d) were calculated thanks to the Digital Image Hub software from Leica. (a) and (c) or (b) and (d) correspond to protocols #1 or #2, respectively. (a) Asterisk () shows a significant difference (; ANOVA-Tukey) between the T1D EMPA group and the T1D group. (c) Asterisk () shows a significant difference (; ANOVA-Tukey) between the T1D group and the T1D EMPA group. (b and d) Statistics were performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Each black point represents an individual. The bars represent the standard error of the mean. For each protocol, the number of mice per group is indicated ( or 11, or 6). For each mouse, two slides with two tissue sections were analyzed.

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