Insulin Glargine U100 Utilization in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in an Italian Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Study
Table 2
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics stratified according to insulin-based therapeutic regimens.
Insulin glargine only ()
Insulin glargine plus other oral glucose-lowering drugs ()
Insulin glargine plus rapid-acting insulin ()
Insulin glargine plus DPP-4 inhibitors ()
Total
Insulin-naïve
Insulin-established
Total
Insulin-naïve
Insulin-established
Total
Insulin-naïve
Insulin-established
Total
Insulin-naïve
Insulin-established
(%)
466
293 (62.9)
173 (37.1)
1,590
680 (42.8)
910 (57.2)
4,475
1,576 (35.2)
2,899 (64.8)
357
167 (46.8)
190 (53.2)
Age ()
^
°
§
Male (%)
47.6
45.4
51.4
51.1
49.6
52.2
51.1
51.1
51.1
55.5
54.5
56.3
Hypertension (%)
65.0
62.1
69.9
75.6
72.6
77.8
73.5
70.2
75.3
77.0^
70.7°
82.6§
Dyslipidemia (%)
32.8
29.7
38.2
50.6
43.5
55.8
51.2
40.0
57.3
60.2^
52.7°
66.8§
Anti-inflammatory agents (%)
14.4
14.3
14.5
18.1
17.8
18.2
15.8
15.0
16.2
17.4
15.6
18.9
Asthma/COPD (%)
10.3
9.9
11.0
9.7
11.6
8.4
10.1
10.3
10.0
6.2
5.4
6.8
Kidney disease
8.6
8.5
8.7
3.4
4.1
2.9
6.3
8.2
5.3
3.4^
3.6°
3.2§
Hypoglycemia (%)
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.8
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.4
—
2.6
Previous CV events (%)
28.3
30.0
25.4
14.6
19.0
11.3
19.1
25.1
15.8
10.9^
9.6°
12.1§
Hypertensive disease (%)
14.4
16.0
12.5
9.2
13.9
7.2
10.4
11.6
6.8
7.0^
8.5°
6.8
Acute myocardial infarction (%)
2.4
3.1
1.3
1.1
2.3
0.6
1.8
1.2
1.0
0.8
1.6
1.1
Coronary disease (%)
8.2
7.5
5.3
4.0
9.3
5.4
7.6
9.2
3.0
6.4^
6.6°
7.4§
Heart failure (%)
7.7
8.9
5.0
3.5
8.0
3.0
5.8
5.8
2.4
2.2^
4.6°
1.6§
Stroke and other cerebral circulatory dysfunction (%)
11.4
10.9
6.2
5.0
7.4
1.2
5.3
12.1
4.2
1.7^
4.2°
2.1§
Arteriosclerosis of the main arteries and aneurysm (%)
1.7
2.4
2.1
1.8
2.1
0.6
2.4
0.6
1.5
1.4
2.6
2.1
HbA1c (%)
<7%
26.5
24.4
30.9
18.4
15.9
20.6
16.8
16.7
16.9
15.5^
7.4
23.2§
13.4
12.4
15.5
23.6
20.5
26.3
25.3
19.5
29.3
27.7
19.9
35.2
8.8
9.1
8.2
16.7
15.3
18.0
19.1
16.5
20.8
19.4
22.1
16.9
≥9%
14.4
13.4
16.5
21.5
28.7
14.9
19.2
24.5
15.5
23.0
34.6
12.0
Not detected
36.9
40.7
28.9
19.9
19.6
20.1
19.6
22.7
17.5
14.4
16.2
12.7
Analysis carried out in the cohort of patients with available laboratory data. ^ among the insulin groups. ° among the insulin-naïve groups. § among the insulin-established groups.
