Visfatin Induces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance via the NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Hepatocytes

Figure 5

A JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, AG490, and an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, rescue visfatin-impaired insulin signaling. HepG2 cells were pretreated with AG490 (5 μM) or BAY11-7082 (5 μM) for 1 h before exposure to visfatin (200 ng/mL) for 24 h and then stimulated with 10 nM insulin for 10 min. (a) After the cells were harvested, insulin signaling was analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies against phospho-IR (p-IR), phospho-IRS-1 (p-IRS-1), phospho-AKT (p-AKT), phospho-GSK-3α/β (p-GSK-3α/β), and actin. (b) The maximum phosphoprotein intensities in insulin-treated samples without visfatin were set to 100%, and the relative intensities of test samples were then calculated. The data are of those of three independent experiments. , , and compared to control.

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(b)