Journal of Diabetes Research

Review Article

Effect of Inulin-Type Carbohydrates on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

The characteristics of the studies included in a systematic review.


Study	Subjects	Sample size (ITC/Con)	Baseline weight (kg) ITC vs. Con	Baseline BMI (kg/m²) ITC vs. Con	ITC dose (g/d)	Duration	Control	Diabetes duration (year) ITC vs. Con	Hypoglycemic agents	Positive indices	Negative indices

Aliasgharzadeh 2015 [16]	T2DM	52 (27/25)			10	8 w	Maltodextrin	8.50 (5.00) 5.30 (4.60)	Metformin Glibenclamide	FPG and HbA1c ()	—
Roshanravan 2017 [18]	T2DM	59 (15/15)			10	45 d	Starch powder		First-line preventive medications	—	FPG, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR
Bonsu 2012 [32]	T2DM	26 (12/14)			10	12 w	Xylitol		NG	—	FPG and HbA1c
Alles 1999 [33]	T2DM	20 (20/20)	NG	NG	15	20 d	Glucose	NG	Glucose-lowering medication	—	FPG
Luo 2000 [19]	T2DM	10 (10/10)			20	4 w	Sucrose		Metformin Sulfonylurea	—	Basal hepatic glucose, FPG, insulin, and HbA1c
Guess 2015 [20]	Obesity	39 (20/19)			30	18 w	Cellulose	None	None	FPG ()	Insulin and HOMA-IR
Guess 2016 [34]	Obesity	40 (20/20)			30	2 w	Cellulose	None	None	iAUC_(0-30 min) insulin () and iAUC_(0-60 min) insulin ()	FI, tAUC glucose/insulin, and HOMA-IR
Rebello 2015 [35]	Obesity	28 (14/14)			4	4 w	Placebo	None	None	Blood glucose tolerance ()	Insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c
Dewulf 2013 [36]	Obesity	30 (15/15)			16	3 m	Maltodextrin	None	None	Post-OGTT glycemia ()	HbA1c, FPG, insulin, post-OGTT insulinemia, and HOMA index
Daud 2014 [37]	Obesity	22 (12/10)			30	6 w	Cellulose	None	None	—	Glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA % β
de Luis 2013 [38]	Obesity	36 (18/18)			9.84	1 m	Control cookie	None	None	—	FPG, insulin, and HOMA-IR
Parnell 2009 [39]	Obesity	39 (21/18)			21	12 w	Maltodextrin	None	None	Postprandial insulin ()	Postprandial glucose and FPG
Genta 2009 [17]	Obesity	35 (20/15)			10	4 m	Control syrup	None	None	FI and HOMA-IR ()	FPG
Tovar 2012 [40]	Obesity	59 (30/29)			10	3 m	No treatment	None	None	—	FPG

Abbreviations: T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; R: randomized; DB: double-blind; TB: triple-blind; ITC: inulin-type carbohydrate; Con: control; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FI: fasting insulin; AUC: area under the curve; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance.