Research Article

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Activity Is Related to Body Composition, Measures of Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Excessive Adiposity and Different Degrees of Glucose Tolerance

Table 1

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects at baseline.

All groups ()NGT group ()Pre-DM group ()DM group () value

Age (years)0.657
Female [n, (%)]25 (48%)8 (36.3%)11 (55%)6 (60%)<0.01
BMI (kg/m2)0.0004
BAI31.79 ± 4.930.023
WC (cm)0.073
HC (cm)0.055
WHR0.164
Total cell mass (kg)0.685
Total cell mass (%)33.65 [31.28–35.98]34.95 [33.48–37.75]32.75 [30.55–35.3]32.6 [30.58–36.73]0.055
Fat mass (kg)0.001
Fat mass (%)0.066
Lean mass (kg)0.848
Lean mass (%)0.066
HOMA-IR0.001
QUICKI0.35 [0.33–0.38]a0.33 [0.31–0.35]0.3 [0.29–0.36]0.001
SHBG (nmol/L)31.63 [22.47–49.42]37.05 [22.68–51.37]28.96 [22.51–46.77]28.28 [17.75–60.57]0.476
THR2.16 [1.78–3.52]2.16 [1.72–3.66]2.62 [1.49–3.55]2 [1.82–3.38]0.983
DPP4 activity (μM/mL/min)0.638
FPG (mg/dL)151 ± 71.01‡<0.0001
Insulin (pmol/L)a0.008
C-Peptide (pg/mL)a0.208
Glucagon (pg/mL)13.28 [15.31–51.01]9.76 [5.08–26.76]24.5 [10.42–29.7]16.42 [5.62–31.99]0.152
GLP-1 (pM)0.73 [0.11–1.28]0.66 [0.11–1.49]0.81 [0.37–1.3]0.61 [0.11–1.06]0.444
GIP (pg/mL)23.63 [15.31–51.01]19.45 [12.22–25.94]27.88 [18.64–48.81]49.3 [31.15–67.44]0.021
Leptin (pg/mL)6278 [3766–11650]4231 [2496–9251]7697 [4790–12735]6117 [4284–13365]0.077
Adiponectin (pg/mL)12.67 [8.25–17.17]11.92 [8.76–16.2]13.55 [6.01–21.36]11.76 [7.14–23.99]0.888
Resistin (ng/mL)6.34 [5.23–8]6.74 [5.28–13.73]6.32 [5.19–10.64]6.3 [4.63–10.44]0.913
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)200.5 [170–234.3]200.5 [175.3–236]201.5 [170.3–231]194.5 [145.5–253]0.920
HDL (mg/dL)49.5 [41–59]48 [40.75–58.25]53 [40–60]49.5 [40.5–63]0.831
LDL (mg/dL)126.5 [96.25–153.5]127.5 [108.5–153.8]119.5 [96–155.8]129 [79–160.3]0.895
TG (mg/dL)133.1 ± 60.12131.1 ± 62.08138.3 ± 65.6127.4 ± 47.930.969
Screening phase
FPG (mg/dL)99.5 [92.25–113]92 [85.5–96.25]106.5 [100.8–112.3] ‡169 [152–267.8]‡§<0.0001
2 h PG in the 75 g OGTT (mg/dL)b<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)0.524
HDL (mg/dL)0.009
LDL (mg/dL)0.248
TG (mg/dL)119.5 [83–170.8]116.5 [83–155.8]141.5 [82.25–199.8]106 [82.25–162.5]0.521

Data are presented as mean±SD, median [1st–3rd quartiles], or n (%). , , and in comparison to NGT group. in comparison to pre-DM group. aPooled data of NGT and pre-DM groups. bOnly 04 subjects performed OGTT in the DM group. NGT: normoglycemia; pre-DM: prediabetes; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index; BAI: body adiposity index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment to quantify insulin resistance; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; THR: triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; PG: plasma glucose; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.