Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Activity Is Related to Body Composition, Measures of Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Excessive Adiposity and Different Degrees of Glucose Tolerance
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects at baseline.
All groups ()
NGT group ()
Pre-DM group ()
DM group ()
value
Age (years)
0.657
Female [n, (%)]
25 (48%)
8 (36.3%)
11 (55%)
6 (60%)
<0.01
BMI (kg/m2)
‡
0.0004
BAI
31.79 ± 4.93
0.023
WC (cm)
0.073
HC (cm)
0.055
WHR
0.164
Total cell mass (kg)
0.685
Total cell mass (%)
33.65 [31.28–35.98]
34.95 [33.48–37.75]
32.75 [30.55–35.3]
32.6 [30.58–36.73]
0.055
Fat mass (kg)
†
0.001
Fat mass (%)
0.066
Lean mass (kg)
0.848
Lean mass (%)
0.066
HOMA-IR
—
0.001
QUICKI
0.35 [0.33–0.38]a
0.33 [0.31–0.35]
0.3 [0.29–0.36]
—
0.001
SHBG (nmol/L)
31.63 [22.47–49.42]
37.05 [22.68–51.37]
28.96 [22.51–46.77]
28.28 [17.75–60.57]
0.476
THR
2.16 [1.78–3.52]
2.16 [1.72–3.66]
2.62 [1.49–3.55]
2 [1.82–3.38]
0.983
DPP4 activity (μM/mL/min)
0.638
FPG (mg/dL)
‡
151 ± 71.01‡
<0.0001
Insulin (pmol/L)
a
—
0.008
C-Peptide (pg/mL)
a
—
0.208
Glucagon (pg/mL)
13.28 [15.31–51.01]
9.76 [5.08–26.76]
24.5 [10.42–29.7]
16.42 [5.62–31.99]
0.152
GLP-1 (pM)
0.73 [0.11–1.28]
0.66 [0.11–1.49]
0.81 [0.37–1.3]
0.61 [0.11–1.06]
0.444
GIP (pg/mL)
23.63 [15.31–51.01]
19.45 [12.22–25.94]
27.88 [18.64–48.81]
49.3 [31.15–67.44]
0.021
Leptin (pg/mL)
6278 [3766–11650]
4231 [2496–9251]
7697 [4790–12735]
6117 [4284–13365]
0.077
Adiponectin (pg/mL)
12.67 [8.25–17.17]
11.92 [8.76–16.2]
13.55 [6.01–21.36]
11.76 [7.14–23.99]
0.888
Resistin (ng/mL)
6.34 [5.23–8]
6.74 [5.28–13.73]
6.32 [5.19–10.64]
6.3 [4.63–10.44]
0.913
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
200.5 [170–234.3]
200.5 [175.3–236]
201.5 [170.3–231]
194.5 [145.5–253]
0.920
HDL (mg/dL)
49.5 [41–59]
48 [40.75–58.25]
53 [40–60]
49.5 [40.5–63]
0.831
LDL (mg/dL)
126.5 [96.25–153.5]
127.5 [108.5–153.8]
119.5 [96–155.8]
129 [79–160.3]
0.895
TG (mg/dL)
133.1 ± 60.12
131.1 ± 62.08
138.3 ± 65.6
127.4 ± 47.93
0.969
Screening phase
FPG (mg/dL)
99.5 [92.25–113]
92 [85.5–96.25]
106.5 [100.8–112.3] ‡
169 [152–267.8]‡§
<0.0001
2 h PG in the 75 g OGTT (mg/dL)
†
‡b
<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
0.524
HDL (mg/dL)
0.009
LDL (mg/dL)
0.248
TG (mg/dL)
119.5 [83–170.8]
116.5 [83–155.8]
141.5 [82.25–199.8]
106 [82.25–162.5]
0.521
Data are presented as mean±SD, median [1st–3rd quartiles], or n (%). ,, and in comparison to NGT group. in comparison to pre-DM group. aPooled data of NGT and pre-DM groups. bOnly 04 subjects performed OGTT in the DM group. NGT: normoglycemia; pre-DM: prediabetes; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index; BAI: body adiposity index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment to quantify insulin resistance; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; THR: triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; PG: plasma glucose; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.