Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Users of the Brazilian Public Health System
Table 5
IWGDF risk classification for the development of diabetic foot ulceration according to the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil, 2018.
Clinical characteristics
Category
DFU
value
0
1
2
3
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Regular use of insulin
Yes
13 (20.0)
21 (32.3)
17 (26.2)
6 (9.2)
8 (12.3)
0.053§
No
11 (55.0)
4 (20.0)
3 (15.0)
1 (5.0)
1 (5.0)
Smoking
Yes
8 (19.5)
11 (26.8)
14 (34.1)
4 (9.8)
4 (9.8)
0.172§
No
16 (36.4)
14 (31.8)
6 (13.6)
3 (6.8)
5 (11.4)
Symptoms on the lower limbs
Yes
22 (28.6)
22 (28.6)
17 (22.1)
7 (9.1)
9 (11.7)
0.623§
No
2 (25.0)
3 (37.5)
3 (37.5)
—
—
Time since the diagnosis of diabetes (years)
0-10
13 (32.5)
13 (32.5)
8 (20.0)
2 (5.0)
4 (10.0)
0.037†
11-20
9 (32.1)
9 (32.1)
6 (21.4)
3 (10.7)
1 (3.6)
21-40
2 (11.8)
3 (17.6)
6 (35.3)
2 (11.8)
4 (23.5)
Appearance of the nails
Normal
11 (55.0)
2 (10.0)
6 (30.0)
1 (5.0)
—
0.019†
Altered
13 (20.0)
23 (35.4)
14 (21.5)
6 (9.2)
9 (13.8)
Humidity of the feet
Normal
5 (55.6)
3 (33.3)
1 (11.1)
—
—
0.029†
Altered
19 (25.0)
22 (28.9)
19 (25.0)
7 (9.2)
9 (11.8)
Deformities
Normal
24 (30.4)
25 (31.6)
20 (25.3)
4 (5.1)
6 (7.6)
<0.001†
Altered
—
—
—
3 (50.0)
3 (50.0)
DFU: diabetic foot ulceration. §Chi-squared test. †Chi-squared test for trend. values in bold indicate statistically significant differences ().
