Effects of Probiotic Supplement in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Year	Country	Intervention/control (sample size)	Age (intervention/control)	Duration; (weeks)	Probiotic species	Total dose (CFU)
Ahmadi et al.	2016	Iran	Synbiotic/placebo (35/35)		6	Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei; Bifidobacterium bifidum
Babadi et al.	2018	Iran	Probiotic/placebo (24/24)		6	Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Lactobacillus fermentum
Badehnoosh et al.	2018	Iran	Probiotic/placebo (30/30)		6	Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei; Bifidobacterium bifidum
Dolatkhah et al.	2015	Turkey	Probiotic/placebo (29/27)		8	Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5; Bifidobacterium BB-12; Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31; Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus LBY-27	>
Jafarnejad et al.	2016	Iran	Probiotic/placebo (41/41)		8	Streptococcus thermophilus; Bifidobacterium breve; Bifidobacterium longum; Bifidobacterium infantis; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus
Kijmanawat et al.	2018	Thailand	Probiotic/placebo (28/29)		4	Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus
Lindsay et al.	2015	Ireland	Probiotic/placebo (74/75)		6	Lactobacillus salivarius
Nabhani et al.	2018	Iran	Synbiotic/placebo (45/45)		6	L. acidophilus; L. plantarum; L. fermentum; L. gasseri
Jamilian et al.	2018	Iran	Probiotic/placebo (29/28)		6	Lactobacillus acidophilus; Bifidobacterium bifidum; L. reuteri; Lactobacillus fermentum
Karamali et al.	2016	Iran	Probiotic/placebo (30/30)		6	Lactobacillus acidophilus; L. casei; Bifidobacterium bifidum
Karamali et al.	2018	Iran	Synbiotic/placebo (30/30)		6	Lactobacillus acidophilus; L. casei; Bifidobacterium bifidum