Hepatic Fat Content and Liver Enzymes Are Associated with Circulating Free and Protein-Bound Advanced Glycation End Products, Which Are Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation: The CODAM Study
Table 2
Cross-sectional associations of liver fat and liver enzymes with free and protein-bound AGEs and sRAGE.
Outcome
Model
eLF% (%)
Liver enzyme score
β
95% CI
value
β
95% CI
value
Free CML (nM)
1
0.042
0.002
0.082
0.038
0.030
0.000
0.060
0.052
2
0.031
-0.008
0.070
0.122
0.030
-0.001
0.061
0.055
3
0.041
-0.002
0.084
0.061
0.046
0.015
0.077
0.004
4
0.037
-0.014
0.088
0.151
0.044
0.012
0.076
0.008
Free CEL (nM)
1
0.096
0.058
0.135
<0.001
0.047
0.018
0.077
0.002
2
0.083
0.045
0.121
<0.001
0.037
0.007
0.067
0.016
3
0.095
0.054
0.136
<0.001
0.049
0.019
0.079
0.001
4
0.090
0.041
0.139
<0.001
0.040
0.009
0.072
0.012
Free MG-H1 (nM)
1
0.043
-0.019
0.105
0.170
-0.009
-0.056
0.038
0.719
2
0.023
-0.038
0.084
0.464
-0.019
-0.067
0.028
0.423
3
0.024
-0.042
0.090
0.481
0.006
-0.042
0.053
0.820
4
0.036
-0.042
0.115
0.367
0.007
-0.043
0.057
0.789
PB-pentosidine (nmol/mmol lysine)
1
-0.059
-0.100
-0.018
0.005
-0.015
-0.047
0.016
0.342
2
-0.076
-0.117
-0.035
<0.001
-0.028
-0.060
0.004
0.088
3
-0.102
-0.146
-0.058
<0.001
-0.032
-0.064
0.001
0.055
4
-0.051
-0.102
0.001
0.055
-0.007
-0.040
0.026
0.676
PB-CML (nmol/mmol lysine)
1
-0.115
-0.143
-0.087
<0.001
-0.061
-0.083
-0.039
<0.001
2
-0.122
-0.150
-0.093
<0.001
-0.067
-0.090
-0.044
<0.001
3
-0.105
-0.136
-0.074
<0.001
-0.054
-0.077
-0.031
<0.001
4
-0.071
-0.108
-0.034
<0.001
-0.037
-0.060
-0.013
0.002
PB-CEL (nmol/mmol lysine)
1
0.000
-0.036
0.036
0.992
0.003
-0.025
0.031
0.828
2
-0.002
-0.039
0.035
0.911
-0.002
-0.030
0.027
0.919
3
0.013
-0.028
0.055
0.527
0.007
-0.023
0.037
0.652
4
-0.003
-0.052
0.047
0.920
0.001
-0.030
0.033
0.939
sRAGE (pg/ml)
1
-0.097
-0.146
-0.048
<0.001
-0.072
-0.109
-0.034
<0.001
2
-0.076
-0.125
-0.028
0.002
-0.040
-0.078
-0.002
0.039
3
-0.076
-0.130
-0.023
0.005
-0.027
-0.067
0.012
0.169
4
-0.039
-0.102
0.025
0.232
-0.010
-0.050
0.031
0.642
β-Values are unstandardized regression coefficients and represent the change in AGEs and sRAGE (all ln-transformed) per one unit increase in eLF% (ln-transformed) or the LE score. Model 1: crude model. Model 2: model for age and sex. Model 3: model for alcohol, smoking, CVD, medication, and eGFR. Model 4: model for BMI. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
