Hepatic Fat Content and Liver Enzymes Are Associated with Circulating Free and Protein-Bound Advanced Glycation End Products, Which Are Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation: The CODAM Study
Table 4
Cross-sectional associations of free and protein-bound AGEs and sRAGE with low-grade inflammation.
(a)
Outcome
Model
Free CML (nM)
Free CEL (nM)
Free MG-H1 (nM)
β
95% CI
value
β
95% CI
value
β
95% CI
value
LGI
1
0.443
0.194
0.692
0.001
0.359
0.103
0.616
0.006
0.204
0.014
0.041
0.366
2
0.322
0.067
0.577
0.013
0.282
0.023
0.541
0.033
0.128
-0.037
0.293
0.127
3
0.344
0.086
0.603
0.009
0.259
-0.006
0.525
0.056
0.128
-0.041
0.297
0.137
4
0.297
0.049
0.545
0.019
0.152
-0.104
0.409
0.243
0.131
-0.031
0.293
0.112
(b)
Outcome
Model
PB-CML (nmol/mmol lysine)
PB-CEL (nmol/mmol lysine)
PB-pentosidine (nmol/mmol lysine)
β
95% CI
value
β
95% CI
value
β
95% CI
value
LGI
1
-0.631
-0.965
-0.298
<0.001
-0.047
-0.325
0.231
0.741
-0.059
-0.303
0.185
0.637
2
-0.704
-1.032
-0.377
<0.001
-0.028
-0.302
0.246
0.840
-0.154
-0.398
0.091
0.219
3
-0.547
-0.888
-0.207
0.002
-0.024
-0.293
0.245
0.863
-0.089
-0.338
0.160
0.483
4
-0.251
-0.592
0.090
0.149
-0.078
-0.335
0.180
0.553
0.120
-0.125
0.365
0.337
(c)
Outcome
Model
sRAGE (pg/ml)
β
95% CI
value
LGI
1
0.048
-0.154
0.251
0.641
2
0.019
-0.189
0.226
0.858
3
0.037
-0.170
0.244
0.725
4
0.143
-0.057
0.342
0.161
β-Values are unstandardized regression coefficients and represent the change in the LGI score per one unit increase in AGEs or sRAGE (all ln-transformed). Model 1: crude model. Model 2: model for age and sex. Model 3: model for alcohol, smoking, CVD, medication, and eGFR. Model 4: model for BMI. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
