The Level of Serum Albumin Is Associated with Renal Prognosis in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 3

Associations between serum albumin and renal outcomes.

		Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) & value
	Serum albumin, median (range) (g/L)	Unadjusted	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c
Per 1 SD serum albumin	34.15 (14.00-48.80)	0.35 (0.27-0.46)	0.18 (0.06-0.58)	0.20 (0.06-0.66)	0.21 (0.06-0.67)
Normal group	40.20 (35.10-48.80)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Mild group (35-30 g/L)	33.25 (30.30-34.90)	2.99 (1.36-6.61)	1.45 (0.49-4.31)	2.24 (0.72-6.90)	2.09 (0.67-6.56)
Moderate group (25-30 g/L)	27.50 (25.20-29.90)	6.03 (3.05-11.95)	4.67 (1.59-13.74)	6.56 (2.05-20.94)	6.20 (1.95-19.76)
Severe group (<25 g/L)	22.00 (14.00-24.80)	13.74 (6.63-28.44)	6.14 (1.27-29.66)	10.61 (1.87-60.07)	7.37 (1.24-43.83)

Serum albumin was analyzed as a continuous variable with hazard ratios (HRs) calculated per SD increment. SD: standard deviation. ^aModel 1 adjusted for the baseline age, gender, duration of diabetes, DR (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), hematuria, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, and log proteinuria and e-GFR. ^bModel 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus renal pathological findings (the glomerular class, IFTA, interstitial inflammation scores, and arteriolar hyalinosis). ^cModel 3 adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus RAAS inhibitor use (yes or no).