Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetomaternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Characteristics of the total study sample and the analytical sample.
Total study sample () % ()
Analytical study sample1 () % ()
Nationality
Kuwaiti
62.3 (590)
62.3 (541)
Non-Kuwaiti
37.7 (357)
37.3 (327)
Age (years)
<25
16.6 (157)
17.6 (152)
25 – 29
30.0 (283)
30.3 (262)
30 – 34
29.4 (277)
29.2 (253)
≥35
24.0 (226)
22.9 (198)
Missing, n
4
3
Education level
≤Middle school
5.7 (54)
5.6 (48)
High School
17.6 (166)
16.3 (141)
≥College or university
76.7 (723)
78.1 (676)
Missing ()
4
3
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
Normal (<25.0)
44.9 (365)
45.7 (343)
Overweight (25.0 – 29.9)
33.2 (270)
33.2 (249)
Obese (≥30.0)
21.9 (178)
21.1 (159)
Missing ()
134
117
Family history of GDM2
Yes
31.0 (291)
28.9 (250)
No
79.0 (649)
71.1 (614)
Missing ()
7
4
Family history of DM3
Yes
59.7 (563)
58.1 (503)
No
40.3 (379)
41.9 (362)
Missing ()
5
3
Stillbirth and/or miscarriage
Yes
30.7 (286)
29.8 (255)
No
69.3 (645)
70.2 (601)
Missing ()
16
12
GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index. 1Analytical study sample is restricted to participants with information on GDM status. 2Refers to history of GDM in mother and/or sister of the participant. 3Refers to history of DM in mother, father, and/or sibling of the participant.