Research Article

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetomaternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Characteristics of the total study sample and the analytical sample.

Total study sample
()
% ()
Analytical study sample1
()
% ()

Nationality
 Kuwaiti62.3 (590)62.3 (541)
 Non-Kuwaiti37.7 (357)37.3 (327)
Age (years)
 <2516.6 (157)17.6 (152)
 25 – 2930.0 (283)30.3 (262)
 30 – 3429.4 (277)29.2 (253)
 ≥3524.0 (226)22.9 (198)
 Missing, n43
Education level
 ≤Middle school5.7 (54)5.6 (48)
 High School17.6 (166)16.3 (141)
 ≥College or university76.7 (723)78.1 (676)
 Missing ()43
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
 Normal (<25.0)44.9 (365)45.7 (343)
 Overweight (25.0 – 29.9)33.2 (270)33.2 (249)
 Obese (≥30.0)21.9 (178)21.1 (159)
 Missing ()134117
Family history of GDM2
 Yes31.0 (291)28.9 (250)
 No79.0 (649)71.1 (614)
 Missing ()74
Family history of DM3
 Yes59.7 (563)58.1 (503)
 No40.3 (379)41.9 (362)
 Missing ()53
Stillbirth and/or miscarriage
 Yes30.7 (286)29.8 (255)
 No69.3 (645)70.2 (601)
 Missing ()1612

GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index. 1Analytical study sample is restricted to participants with information on GDM status. 2Refers to history of GDM in mother and/or sister of the participant. 3Refers to history of DM in mother, father, and/or sibling of the participant.