Distinct Effects of Carrageenan and High-Fat Consumption on the Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Nonobese and Obese Models of Type 2 Diabetes

Figure 3

Triglycerides and diacylglycerol are increased by HFD. (a–d) Oil Red O staining showed a marked increase in fat droplets in mouse hepatic tissue following high fat (c) and high fat with carrageenan (d) with a little sign of fat droplets in the carrageenan-treated (b) or control hepatic tissue (a). Scale  μm. (e) Triglycerides were measured in the hepatic and pancreatic tissues of the study mice and increased following HFD but not carrageenan (, ). (f) DAG levels in the hepatic and pancreatic tissues increased following HFD in the mice but not following carrageenan exposure (, ). (g) Palmitic acid increased DAG in the HepG2 cells (, ). CGN = carrageenan; DAG = diacylglycerol; PA = palmitic acid.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)