Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome
Table 1
Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and healthy controls.
Healthy controls ()
Metabolic syndrome ()
Type 2 diabetes mellitus ()
value
Age (years)
11.4 (±2.8)c
12.4 (±2.1)
13.8 (±1.5)a
0.0040
Weight (kg)
37.6 (29.2-46.2)b,c
71.1 (52.8-82.1)a
67.1 (61.4-87.4)a
<0.0010
Height (cm)
145.0 (133.0-159.3)c
154.0 (150.0-165.0)
159.0 (155.0-165.0)a
0.0190
BMI (kg/m2)
17.8 (16.4-18.5)b,c
26.0 (24.0-31.6)a
27.7 (25.8-31.0)a
<0.0010
BMIp
60.0 (41.8-68.8)b,c
98.0 (93.0-99.0)a
96.0 (93.0-99.0)a
<0.0010
WC (cm)
64.1 (±6.0)b,c
89.0 (±12.4)a
95.7 (±16.4)a
<0.0010
WCp
25.0 (15.0-25.0)b,c
85.0 (75.0-90.0)a
85.0 (75.0-95.0)a
<0.0010
Hip (cm)
66.0 (±6.5)b,c
96.8 (±12.7)a
101.9 (±16.5)a
<0.0010
WC-to-hip ratio
1.0 (±0.0)
0.9 (±0.1)
0.9 (±0.1)
0.1180
WC-to-height ratio
0.4 (±0.0)b,c
0.6 (±0.1)a
0.6 (±0.1)a
<0.0010
SBP (mmHg)
99.0 (96.0-104.0)b,c
114.0 (101.5-117.0)a
113.0 (108.0-120.0)a
<0.0010
SBPp
38.0 (28.8-40.5)
79.0 (29.5-88.5)
62.0 (36.0-90.0)
0.0530
DBP (mmHg)
64.0 (63.5-66.5)
66.0 (62.5-71.5)
68.0 (63.0-80.0)
0.3390
DBPp
61.6 (±8.9)
60.6 (±26.8)
65.2 (±25.7)
0.7980
Data are presented as mean (±standard deviation) for parametric data and as median (interquartile range) for nonparametric data. aStatistical difference when compared vs. healthy control group; bstatistical difference when compared vs. metabolic syndrome group; cstatistical difference when compared vs. type 2 diabetes mellitus group. BMI: body mass index; BMIp: BMI percentile; WC: waist circumference; WCp: waist circumference percentile; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SBPp: systolic blood pressure percentile; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DBPp: diastolic blood pressure percentile. Statistical difference was established as value ≤ 0.05.