Research Article

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Table 1

Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and healthy controls.

Healthy controls ()Metabolic syndrome ()Type 2 diabetes mellitus () value

Age (years)11.4 (±2.8)c12.4 (±2.1)13.8 (±1.5)a0.0040
Weight (kg)37.6 (29.2-46.2)b,c71.1 (52.8-82.1)a67.1 (61.4-87.4)a<0.0010
Height (cm)145.0 (133.0-159.3)c154.0 (150.0-165.0)159.0 (155.0-165.0)a0.0190
BMI (kg/m2)17.8 (16.4-18.5)b,c26.0 (24.0-31.6)a27.7 (25.8-31.0)a<0.0010
BMIp60.0 (41.8-68.8)b,c98.0 (93.0-99.0)a96.0 (93.0-99.0)a<0.0010
WC (cm)64.1 (±6.0)b,c89.0 (±12.4)a95.7 (±16.4)a<0.0010
WCp25.0 (15.0-25.0)b,c85.0 (75.0-90.0)a85.0 (75.0-95.0)a<0.0010
Hip (cm)66.0 (±6.5)b,c96.8 (±12.7)a101.9 (±16.5)a<0.0010
WC-to-hip ratio1.0 (±0.0)0.9 (±0.1)0.9 (±0.1)0.1180
WC-to-height ratio0.4 (±0.0)b,c0.6 (±0.1)a0.6 (±0.1)a<0.0010
SBP (mmHg)99.0 (96.0-104.0)b,c114.0 (101.5-117.0)a113.0 (108.0-120.0)a<0.0010
SBPp38.0 (28.8-40.5)79.0 (29.5-88.5)62.0 (36.0-90.0)0.0530
DBP (mmHg)64.0 (63.5-66.5)66.0 (62.5-71.5)68.0 (63.0-80.0)0.3390
DBPp61.6 (±8.9)60.6 (±26.8)65.2 (±25.7)0.7980

Data are presented as mean (±standard deviation) for parametric data and as median (interquartile range) for nonparametric data. aStatistical difference when compared vs. healthy control group; bstatistical difference when compared vs. metabolic syndrome group; cstatistical difference when compared vs. type 2 diabetes mellitus group. BMI: body mass index; BMIp: BMI percentile; WC: waist circumference; WCp: waist circumference percentile; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SBPp: systolic blood pressure percentile; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DBPp: diastolic blood pressure percentile. Statistical difference was established as value ≤ 0.05.