Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Table 2

Biochemical parameters in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and healthy controls.

	Healthy controls ()	Metabolic syndrome ()	Type 2 diabetes mellitus ()	value
Irisin (ng/mL)	30.3 (24.6-57.1)^b,c	6.6 (2.8-18.0)^a	6.8 (2.2-23.2)^a	0.0040
Glucose (mg/dL)	87.0 (79.0-89.0)^b,c	94.0 (89.5-103.5)^a	115.0 (92.0-169.0)^a	<0.0010
Insulin (mIU/L)	6.6 (5.4-7.9)^b,c	20.1 (15.3-25.8)^a	22.9 (10.6-29.8)^a	<0.0010
HOMA index	1.3 (±0.4)^b,c	5.4 (±2.2)^a,c	9.1 (±7.0)^a,b	<0.0010
TC (mg/dL)	151.0 (±21.3)	159.8 (±33.2)	149.1 (±28.6)	0.4600
TG (mg/dL)	90.0 (65.8-98.5)^b,c	144.0 (128.0-213.5)^a	154.0 (112.0-187.0)^a	<0.0010
HDL-c (mg/dL)	53.8 (±13.0)^b,c	38.6 (±7.8)^a	37.2 (±7.9)^a	<0.0010
LDL-c (mg/dL)	98.6 (±23.8)^c	87.6 (±27.0)	75.9 (±20.6)^a	0.0210

Data are presented as mean (±standard deviation) for parametric data and as median (interquartile range) for nonparametric data. ^aStatistical difference when compared vs. healthy controls group; ^bstatistical difference when compared vs. metabolic syndrome group; ^cstatistical difference when compared vs. type 2 diabetes mellitus group. HOMA: Homeostatic Model Assessment; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statistical difference was established as value ≤ 0.05.