Perceived Stress and Adherence to the Dietary Recommendations and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 1 Diabetes

Table 1

Basic characteristics divided by perceived stress.

	Low stress	Moderate stress	High stress
	Stress score	11 (7–12)	19 (17–22)	37 (30–41)
Men (%)	50.0	60.8	32.0
Age (years)	41 (38–45)	40 (33–46)	35 (31–43)
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.6 (25.1–29.0)	25.1 (23.3–29.9)	26.3 (23.3–30.4)
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	107 (91–113)	109 (97–119)	115 (107–119)
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	54 (51–67)	64 (55–69)	59 (53–65)
HbA1c (%)	7.1 (6.8–8.3)	8.0 (7.2–8.5)	7.5 (7.0–8.1)
Cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.49 (3.94–5.03)	4.35 (3.95–4.92)	4.51 (4.06–5.24)
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.23 (1.00–1.52)	1.42 (1.15–1.76)	1.40 (1.16–1.76)
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	0.8 (0.7–1.6)

Data are presented as the median (interquartile range) for continuous variables as they had skewed distribution and frequency for categorical variables. Between-group comparisons were conducted with the Mann-Whitney test and Chi-squared test, respectively. In the comparisons, the moderate and high perceived stress groups were compared to the group with low perceived stress. Low stress: 1^st quartile of the perceived stress scale; moderate stress: 2^nd and 3^rd quartiles of the perceived stress scale; high stress: 4^th quartile of the perceived stress scale; BMI: body mass index. ; .