Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes and Secondary Hyperglycemia
Table 2
Comparison of laboratory findings in three groups.
Characteristics
Euglycemia ()
Secondary hyperglycemia ()
Diabetes ()
Age ()
41.50 (27.25-52.00)
49.00 (38.00-65.75)
54.00 (42.75-66.50)a
8.071
0.018
Gender
6.258
0.044
Male
21 (47.73)
17 (77.27)a
10 (71.43)a
Female
23 (52.27)
5 (22.73)a
4 (28.57)a
Severe
5.348
0.021
No
34 (77.27)
15 (68.18)
6 (42.86)a
Yes
10 (22.73)
7 (31.82)
8 (57.14)a
Symptoms
Fever (, %)
38 (86.3)
18 (81.8)
12 (85.7)
0.244
0.885
Fatigue (, %)
14 (31.8)
8 (36.3)
8 (57.1)
2.923
0.232
Cough (, %)
25 (56.8)
12 (54.5)
8 (57.1)
0.036
0.982
Chest tightness (, %)
14 (31.8)
8 (36.3)
5 (35.7)
0.165
0.921
Dyspnea (, %)
4 (9.09)
2 (9.09)
2 (14.2)
0.346
0.841
Diarrhea (, %)
4 (9.09)
3 (13.64)
2 (14.2)
0.460
0.794
Incubation (d)
5.00 (4.00-7.00)
6.50 (3.75-10.00)
6.50 (4.75-10.00)
3.426
0.180
Hs-CRP (μmol/L)
8.70 (0.60-21.93)
13.55 (3.83-36.43)
65.05 (23.15-103.68)a,b
18.963
0.000
Leukocyte ()
5.30 (3.80-6.51)
5.12 (4.57-6.37)
6.58 (4.35-7.50)
3.068
0.216
Platelet ()
163.50 (123.75-216.00)
171.00 (142.50-204.50)
143.00 (119.00-211.50)
0.588
0.745
Lymphocyte percentage
21.35 (12.73-34.90)
21.55 (13.53-28.00)
14.70 (7.40-26.35)
3.026
0.220
Neutrophils percentage
68.90 (52.50-77.90)
70.15 (63.58-80.85)
77.80 (63.50-86.40)
4.867
0.088
Lymphocyte ()
1.08 (0.69-1.64)
1.09 (0.57-1.48)
1.00 (0.53-1.19)
1.663
0.435
Neutrophil ()
2.87 (2.08-4.75)
3.52 (3.05-4.72)
5.37 (3.14-6.37)
4.221
0.121
PCT (ng/ml)
0.14 (0.10-0.18)
0.14 (0.10-0.19)
0.16 (0.10-0.20)
0.455
0.797
ESR (mm/h)
29.10 (13.50-66.50)
34.00 (14.00-54.90)
66.00 (32.90-88.50)
4.423
0.110
LDH (U/L)
205.50 (171.00-256.25)
264.00 (194.00-321.00)
378.00 (272.50-470.50)a,b
22.642
0.000
Creatinine (μmol/L)
68.50 (57.25-79.75)
69.50 (59.75-81.25)
70.00 (59.25-75.50)
0.139
0.933
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
3.79 (2.94-4.58)
4.42 (3.16-5.72)
5.24 (2.96-6.60)
4.448
0.108
ALT (IU/L)
20.00 (13.00-42.25)
29.50 (20.50-47.25)
24.50 (15.50-34.50)
4.526
0.104
AST (IU/L)
26.00 (20.00-35.50)
27.50 (21.75-46.50)
26.50 (20.75-33.00)
1.706
0.426
ALP (IU/L)
62.50 (49.00-71.75)
51.00 (41.00-71.00)
51.50 (46.50-71.75)
0.988
0.610
γ-GGT (IU/L)
24.50 (17.00-46.00)
33.00 (24.50-53.25)
44.50 (19.25-64.50)
5.018
0.081
TB (μmol/L)
14.90 (11.73-18.58)
13.45 (9.78-19.40)
12.50 (8.58-22.25)
0.344
0.842
CD4 (cell/ul)
618.50 (388.75-928.00)
556.00 (446.00-1015.75)
376.50 (290.63-509.75)a
7.927
0.019
CD8 (cell/μl)
314.16 (246.16-441.16)
440.36 (324.75-735.06)
580.16 (391.88-679.93)a
7.858
0.020
CD3 (cell/μl)
1604.50 (1086.25-2043.00)
1002.00 (868.25-1230.75)a
446.50 (311.00-593.50)a,b
34.021
0.000
CD4/CD8
1.82 (1.32-2.35)
1.36 (1.26-1.49)a
0.72 (0.57-1.00)a,b
32.113
0.000
IL-6 (pg/ml)
5.26 (4.41-6.30)
6.39 (5.51-13.32)a
32.11 (7.80-206.73)a,b
29.867
0.000
D-dimer (μg/ml)
0.21 (0.10-0.43)
0.25 (0.19-0.45)
0.37 (0.19-0.67)
3.328
0.189
CK (IU/L)
75.90 (54.50-138.90)
104.60 (50.43-205.00)
80.40 (39.00-178.30)
1.374
0.503
CK-MB (U/L)
10.50 (8.70-14.90)
11.30 (9.58-15.50)
9.20 (6.95-15.65)
1.749
0.417
hs-TnI (μg/L)
0.10 (0.06-0.28)
0.09 (0.04-0.18)
0.09 (0.08-0.64)
2.777
0.249
PT (s)
14.60 (13.75-16.63)
14.25 (13.40-15.18)
14.05 (12.78-14.63)
4.914
0.086
APTT (s)
37.30 (34.43-41.40)
35.05 (32.25-39.83)
35.50 (32.18-41.58)
1.868
0.393
Data are shown as medians and interquartile ranges. The euglycemia group: the patients had no histories of diabetes. The secondary hyperglycemia group: the patients met the conditions of no past histories of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <6.5%, fasting blood glucose >6.1 mmol/L, and normal blood glucose after discharge from the hospital. The diabetes group: the patients had past histories of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; γ-GGT: gamma-glutamyltran; TB: total bilirubin; IL-6: interleukin-6; CK: creatine kinase; CK-MB: creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; hs-TnI: highly sensitive troponin I; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time. Note: compared with euglycemia group, aP <0.05; compared with secondary hyperglycemia group, bP <0.05, in which was considered statistically significant.
