Research Article

Appropriate Timing of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis in Medium- and Low-Risk Women: Effectiveness of the Italian NHS Recommendations in Preventing Fetal Macrosomia

Table 2

Comparison of clinical and biochemical features between normal glucose-tolerant women (group A) and women diagnosed with GDM (group B and group C) at 24-28 weeks of gestation based on the NHS risk stratification criteria.

Maternal characteristicsGroup A
Normal glucose-tolerant women ()
Group B
HR women with GDM ()
Group C
MR and LR women with GDM ()

Age (years)
Pregravid BMI (kg/m2)
Family history of T2D170 (30.9%)53 (79.1%)75 (62.0%)
Previous GDM20 (3.6%)20 (29.9%)0
168 (30.6%)37 (55.2%)64 (52.9%)
Previous macrosomia9 (1.6%)5 (7.5%)7 (5.8%)
Glucose, fasting (mg/dL)
Glucose, 1 h after OGTT (mg/dL)
Glucose, 2 h after OGTT (mg/dL)
Insulin treatment32 (47.8%)39 (32.2%)
Cesarean section124 (22.5%)31 (46.3%)41 (33.9%)

Data are expressed as the or (%). HR: high risk; MR: medium risk; LR: low risk; BMI: body mass index; T2D: type 2 diabetes; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test. Differences between groups are compared with the Mann-Whitney test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. group A vs. group B; group A vs. group C; group B vs. group C.