The Role of Recombinant Proteins and Growth Factors in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 7

Characteristics of RCTs that evaluated G-CSF safety and effectiveness.

Ref

Study

Intervention

Type of control

Size and the oldness of the wound

No. of patients

Antibiotic application during the treatment period (if needed)

Baseline HbA1C (%)

Types of wound and grade of wound

Dressing type

Offloading

Treatment duration

Follow-up period posttherapy

[25].

RCT

Subcutaneous injection of G-CSF or saline solution for 7 days. The initial dose of G-CSF was 5 μg/kg daily. The dose was lowered to 2.5 μg/kg daily if, after two doses, the absolute neutrophil count was higher than

Placebo

>2 cm^2; More than 8 weeks

40

Y

5·5–13·7%

NM

Standard foam dressings

NM

7 days

NM

[28]

RCT

Conventional antimicrobial treatment plus 263 mg of G-CSF subcutaneously daily for 21 days

Placebo

NM

40

Y

Y

Wagner grade III or IV

NM

Bed rest

21 days

6 months

[26]

RCT

5 μg/kg G-CSF (injected subcutaneously) or placebo daily.

Placebo

0.5-3 cm

37

Y

<12%

Wagner grade II or III

NM

Bed rest

10 days

NM

[27]

RCT

Subcutaneous injection of G-CSF and/or conventional therapy. The initial daily dose of G-CSF was 5 μg/kg. After three consecutive doses, if the absolute neutrophil count was , the dose was changed to 2.5 μg/kg daily on alternate days

Placebo

NM

30

Y

NM

Wagner grade II

NM

NM

NM

NM

G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Y: yes; N: no; NM: not mentioned.