Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Individuals and the Confounding Effect of Antidiabetic Agents

Table 2

Effect of T2DM and antidiabetic agents on alpha diversity indices and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.

	Variable	HC; ()	T2DM; ()	value	Diabetic clusters				value for HC versus NT
					MET; ()	GLIM; ()	NT; ()	value
Alpha diversity indices	Observed species	343.29	370.33	0.262	400.12	399.12	311.75	0.039^b	0.337
	Chao1	400.79	457.65	0.054	498.27	486.74	387.96	0.045^b	0.742
	ACE	404.97	456.43	0.058	494.79	481.64	392.84	0.049^b	0.731
	Shannon	5.76	5.63	0.523^a	5.49	6.09	5.29	0.050^c	0.160^a
	Simpson	0.95	0.94	0.369^a	0.93	0.96	0.93	0.057^c	0.220^a
F/B ratio		16.27	15.92	0.117^a	12.02	14.88	20.86	0.852^c	0.380^a

The statistical analysis was performed by two independent-samples -test (parametric), Mann-Whitney test^a (nonparametric), one-way ANOVA^b (parametric), and Kruskal-Wallis test^c (nonparametric). Data presented as mean. A value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. B: Bacteroidetes; F: Firmicutes; GLIM: glimepiride; HC: healthy control; MET: metformin; : number; NT: nontherapeutic; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.