Carrageenan-Free Diet Shows Improved Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Signaling in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Pilot Clinical Trial
Table 3
Pearson’s correlation coefficient () for changes from baseline to 12 weeks between variables.
Hemoglobin A1c
HOMA-IR
Phospho-serine-IRS1
Interleukin-8
Arylsulfatase B
Galectin-3
Phospho-serine-AKT
Insulin#
C-peptide‡
Matsuda Index
Weight
Hemoglobin A1c
1
-0.11
0.94
0.12
-0.73
0.75
-0.66
-0.33
-0.54
-0.21
0.30
0.72
<0.0001
0.71
0.012
0.005
0.039
0.30
0.08
0.54
0.32
13
13
10
12
10
12
10
12
11
11
13
HOMA-IR
1
-0.33
0.76
-0.14
-0.20
-0.027
-0.36
-0.52
-0.40
-0.01
0.36
0.004
0.70
0.54
0.94
0.25
0.10
0.22
0.47
13
10
12
10
12
10
12
11
11
13
Phospho-serine-IRS1
1
-0.07
-0.75
0.89
-0.72
-0.46
-0.58
-0.03
0.10
0.85
0.01
0.0006
0.018
0.18
0.10
0.95
0.79
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
10
Interleukin-8
1
-0.28
-0.02
-0.11
-0.12
-0.43
-0.39
-0.09
0.44
0.94
0.75
0.71
0.18
0.24
0.78
12
10
12
10
12
11
11
12
Arylsulfatase B
1
-0.55
0.88
0.36
0.60
0.39
-0.21
0.09
0.0009
0.31
0.08
0.30
0.56
10
10
10
10
9
9
10
Galectin-3
1
-0.59
-0.68
-0.68
-0.043
-0.026
0.07
0.016
0.020
0.90
0.94
12
10
12
11
11
12
Phospho-serine-AKT
1
0.42
0.53
0.57
0.12
0.22
0.14
0.11
0.75
10
10
9
9
10
Insulin
1
0.88
0.27
0.067
0.0004
0.52
0.84
12
11
10
12
C-peptide
1
0.23
-0.063
0.52
0.85
11
10
11
Matsuda Index
1
0.25
0.47
11
11
Weight
1
13
Data include Pearson’s correlation coefficient (first line), value (second line), and number of subjects (carrageenan and no-carrageenan diet combined; third line) for whom correlation was calculated. values highlighted in italic are significant positive correlations, and values highlighted in bold are significant negative correlations. # refers to the difference in the change in insulin levels between 0 and 30 minutes which occurred between 0 and 12 weeks. ‡ refers to the difference in the change in C-peptide levels between 0 and 30 minutes, which occurred between 0 and 12 weeks.
