Peripheral Arterial Disease and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Table 3

Factors associated with PAD among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, Debre Tabor, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Variable	PAD		OR (95% CI)
	Yes ()	No ()	COR	AOR
Age (year)^C			1.11 (1.06-1.15)	1.09 (1.03-1.16)
Sex
Male	57 (33.1)	115 (66.9)	1.35 (0.80-2.30)
Female	29 (26.9)	79 (73.1)	1
Residence
Urban	63 (31.9)	134 (68.1)	1.23 (0.70-2.16)
Rural	23 (27.7)	60 (72.3)	1	1
Educational status
Cannot read and write	24 (24.7)	73 (75.3)	0.84 (0.43-1.65)	1.27 (0.56-2.95)
Read and write	18 (31.6)	39 (68.4)	1.17 (0.56-2.47)	1.12 (0.46-2.73)
Elementary (1-8)	22 (45.8)	26 (54.2)	2.15 (1.02-4.57)	1.39 (0.54-3.62)
High school and above	22 (28.2)	56 (71.8)	1
Occupation
Farmer	12 (27.3)	32 (72.7)	1
Government employee	29 (31.1)	64 (68.8)	1.2 (0.55-2.68)
Merchant	26 (36.1)	46 (63.9)	1.50 (0.66-3.42)
Housewife	17 (27.4)	45 (72.6)	1.00 (0.42-2.40)
Other	2 (77.8)	7 (22.2)	0.76 (0.14-4.20)
DM duration
	22 (18.5)	97 (81.5)	1
10-19	51 (36.2)	90 (63.8)	2.50 (1.40-4.45)
≥20	13 (65.0)	7 (35.0)	8.18 (2.92-22.90)
BMI (kg/m^2)
Normal	12 (66.7)	6 (33.3)	1
Overweight	55 (26.8)	150 (73.2)	0.10 (0.03-0.33)	0.64 (0.17-2.41)
Obese	19 (33.3)	38 (66.7)	10.36 (0.10-1.27)	1.50 (0.34-6.70)
Type of antidiabetic drug in use
OH	49 (22.8)	166 (77.2)	0.39 (0.16-0.98)	0.37 (0.13-1.11)
Both OH and insulin	28 (63.6)	16 (36.4)	2.33 (0.81-6.74)	0.98 (0.26-3.66)
Insulin	9 (42.9)	12 (57.1)	1
HbA1c (%)^C			2.04 (1.48-2.83)	1.97 (1.03-3.40)
Cigarette smoking
Nonsmoker	49 (22.3)	171 (77.7)	1
Ex-smoker	23 (59.0)	16 (41.0)	5.02 (2.46-10.23)	4.68 (1.93-11.30)
Current smoker	14 (66.7)	7 (33.3)	6.98 (2.67-18.25)	5.84 (1.79-19.04)
History of HTN self-reported
Yes	46 (31.5)	100 (68.5)	1.08 (0.65-1.79)
No	40 (29.9)	94 (70.1)	1
Current hypertension/high BP
Yes	64 (40)	96 (60)	2.96 (1.69-5.20)	1.91 (0.88-4.15)
No	22 (18.3)	98 (81.7)	1

Statistically significant ( value < 0.05). Statistically highly significant ( value < 0.01). AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; COR: crude odds ratio. ^CContinuous.