The Predictive Effect of Health Examination in the Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Table 2
The comparison of physical examination index between diabetes patients and nondiabetic participants in terms of different follow-up years.
Variables
Follow-up 2 to 3 years
Follow-up 3 to 4 years
Follow-up 4 to 5 years
Follow-up above 5 years
Diabetes ()
Nondiabetes ()
Diabetes ()
Nondiabetes ()
Diabetes ()
Nondiabetes ()
Diabetes ()
Nondiabetes ()
Age (year)
54.60 (13.51)
41.71 (12.91)
<0.001
55.00 (13.20)
41.93 (12.56)
<0.001
54.10 (12.60)
42.03 (11.43)
<0.001
52.80 (12.10)
42.06 (11.28)
<0.001
Male (%)
1,257 (71.26)
57,276 (54.01)
<0.001
885 (70.29)
32,106 (55.72)
<0.001
652 (72.04)
18,696 (52.94)
<0.001
206 (83.74)
5,045 (58.22)
0.008
Current smoker (%)
163 (32.34)
5715 (19.22)
<0.001
129 (40.20)
3,526 (21.55)
<0.001
86 (32.70)
1,901 (18.57)
<0.001
37 (44.05)
518 (19.01)
<0.001
Current drinker (%)
23 (4.56)
728 (2.45)
0.016
12 (3.74)
357 (2.18)
0.042
9 (3.42)
164 (1.60)
0.094
5 (5.95)
53 (1.94)
0.054
Family history (%)
57 (3.23)
1799 (1.70)
<0.001
53 (4.21)
1,253 (2.17)
<0.001
50 (5.52)
886 (2.51)
<0.001
11 (4.47)
235 (2.71)
0.079
BMI (kg/m2)
26.19 (3.53)
23.24 (3.39)
<0.001
26.11 (3.47)
23.14 (3.31)
<0.001
26.11 (3.45)
23.03 (3.23)
<0.001
26.57 (3.29)
23.18 (3.28)
<0.001
Initial FPG (mmol/L)
6.04 (0.67)
5.00 (0.55)
<0.001
5.86 (0.72)
4.83 (0.60)
<0.001
5.75 (0.74)
4.71 (0.63)
<0.001
5.70 (0.77)
4.73 (0.57)
<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.05 (0.96)
4.70 (0.90)
<0.001
5.05 (0.93)
4.70 (0.90)
<0.001
5.04 (0.94)
4.70 (0.90)
<0.001
5.06 (0.93)
4.69 (0.88)
<0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
2.09 (1.56)
1.34 (1.03)
<0.001
2.08 (1.39)
1.33 (1.01)
<0.001
2.04 (1.44)
1.27 (0.97)
<0.001
2.35 (1.71)
1.31 (1.06)
<0.001
HDL (mmol/L)
1.32 (0.38)
1.41 (0.30)
<0.001
1.31 (0.30)
1.35 (0.31)
<0.001
1.22 (0.29)
1.32 (0.32)
<0.001
1.15 (0.23)
1.32 (0.32)
<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)
2.90 (0.70)
2.77 (0.67)
<0.001
2.91 (0.71)
2.79 (0.69)
<0.001
2.91 (0.71)
2.76 (0.69)
<0.001
2.78 (0.63)
2.63 (0.62)
0.003
ALT (U/L)
25 (18-25)
18 (13-27)
<0.001
26 (18-40)
18 (13-28)
<0.001
28 (18-45)
18 (13-27)
<0.001
29 (20-43)
19 (13-28)
<0.001
AST (U/L)
25 (20-32)
22 (18-26)
<0.001
26 (22-33)
22 (19-27)
<0.001
25 (20-32)
22 (19-26)
<0.001
27 (23-34)
22 (19-26)
0.001
BUN (mmol/L)
5.04 (1.28)
4.66 (1.18)
<0.001
5.02 (1.36)
4.63 (1.18)
<0.001
4.99 (1.23)
4.64 (1.18)
<0.001
4.91 (1.11)
4.69 (1.17)
0.003
CCR (μmol/L)
73.30 (15.90)
70.25 (16.13)
<0.001
72.40 (16.70)
70.06 (15.55)
<0.001
72.20 (15.1)
69.31 (15.37)
<0.001
71.90 (12.1)
69.61 (14.86)
0.01
Final FPG (mmol/L)
7.68 (1.73)
5.06 (0.51)
<0.001
7.87 (1.90)
5.08 (0.51)
<0.001
7.99 (2.04)
5.11 (0.50)
<0.001
8.23 (2.38)
5.08 (0.58)
<0.001
There were missing data. Age, BMI, FPG, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, BUN, and CCR were described as mean and standard deviation; ALT and AST were described as medians (interquartile ranges (IQR)). Male, current smoker, current drinker, and family history were described as number and percentage. Abbreviation: BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CCR: endogenous creatinine clearance rate.
