AGEs/RAGE Promote Osteogenic Differentiation in Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells via MAPK Signaling

Figure 2

Immunofluorescence staining of endothelial cell and osteoblast marker proteins in AGE- and β-glycerophosphate-induced EPCs. Expressions of (a) CD133, (b) VE-cadherin, (c) RUNX2, and (d) OCN in EPCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining; nuclei were stained with DAPI. Panels on the left show control treatment (untreated cells); panels on the right show cells 7 days following AGE treatment. Each field of view was randomly selected under a microscope; magnification, ×200. AGE: advanced glycation end product; EPC: endothelial progenitor cell; OCN: osteocalcin; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2.

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