Flexural and Shear Behavior of FRP Strengthened AASHTO Type Concrete Bridge Girders

Table 1

Material models [9] and properties for FEM.

Model 1: concrete (linear and trilinear isotropic)
Density	2400 kg/m^3
Modulus of elasticity	34 GPa
Initial modulus of elasticity	30 GPa
28-day compressive strength	48 MPa
Initial compressive strength	34 MPa
Poisson’s ratio	0.2
Open crack shear transfer coefficient	0.3
Closed crack shear transfer coefficient	1
Uniaxial cracking stress	4.33 MPa
Uniaxial crushing stress	−1
Model 2: shear steel (bilinear isotropic)
Modulus of elasticity	199.9 GPa
Poisson’s ratio	0.3
Yield strength	414 MPa
Model 3: prestressing steel (linear isotropic)
Modulus of elasticity	193053 MPa
Ultimate tensile strength	1862 MPa
Poisson’s ratio	0.3
Model 4: epoxy (linear isotropic)
Modulus of elasticity	2758 MPa
Poisson’s ratio	0.4
Model 5: CFRP (linear orthotropic)
Modulus of elasticity (primary direction)	62053 MPa
Other modulus of elasticity	4826 MPa
Ultimate tensile strength	931 MPa
Poisson’s ratio	0.22
Shear modulus	3266 MPa