The Circular Economy of E-Waste in the Netherlands: Optimizing Material Recycling and Energy Recovery

Table 1

Avoided use of new material and the associated correction for losses per recycled material.

Recycled material	Avoided use of new material; (ecoinvent process)	Correction for losses; (% extra needed)
Aluminium	Aluminium, primary, ingot ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec	3%
Iron and steel	Steel, low-alloyed ∣ steel production, converter, low-alloyed Alloc Rec	10.5%
Zinc	Zinc ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec	90.3%
Copper	Copper concentrate ∣ copper mine operation ∣ Alloc Rec	No losses
Polystyrene (PS)	Petroleum ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec	No losses
Polyethylene (PE)	Petroleum ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec	No losses
ABS	Petroleum ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec	No losses
Glass used for glass recycling	Flat glass, uncoated ∣ production ∣ Alloc Rec	20.7%
Glass used for concrete production	39% sand ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec, and; 61% gravel, crushed ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec	No losses