Optimal Power Flow Techniques under Characterization of Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis

Table 1

Comparative analysis of different OPF techniques.

OPF problem classification	Constraints						Assumptions
	Voltage and angle	Transmission line power limit	Reactive power limits	Losses	Generation costs	Contingency
AC	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Slack bus selection
DC	No	Yes	No	Not definite	Yes	No	Voltage magnitudes are fixed
Decoupled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Interaction between active and reactive power is not considered
Security-constrained economic dispatch	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Bus voltages are fixed
Economic dispatch	No	No	No	Conditional	Yes	No	No transmission constraints
Security-constrained	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Assumptions regarding postfault flows are there
Optimal reactive power dispatch	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Convexity assumption of generators’ cost function
Metaheuristic based OPF	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Inherent inadequacy that needs further attention in the future including the lack of transparency, knowledge extraction, and model uncertainty