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| Project Management Process Groups | Symbols | Main Causes | Symbols |
|
| Initiation Process Group | S1 | Companies lack of understanding of the population and demographic changes for construction projects | S11 |
| Strategic location of the project was not selected well | S12 |
| No database to study the projects feasibility | S13 |
|
| Planning Process Group | S2 | Lack of experience in the field of planning | S21 |
| Failure to provide a scheme with sums allocated to the project accurately | S22 |
| Inaccuracy of the bill of quantities | S23 |
| Executive companies not interesting well with schedule program | S24 |
|
| Design Process Group | S3 | Many designs are inaccurate; therefore designers make adjustments continuously | S31 |
| Employer requirements were constantly changing | S32 |
| There were not reconnaissance surveys in the work site | S33 |
| Brainstorming was bad between architectural designer style and owner in order to reach the desired design | S34 |
|
| Contract Process Group | S4 | Weak ability of the contractors and inaccurate information because of the unavailable database | S41 |
| information provided by some contractors is inaccurate in bidding or contracting phase due to lack of databases about contractors | S42 |
| subcontractors were inefficient | S43 |
| A large positive or negative discrepancy between the bidding price of contractors and the cost guessed by the employer | S45 |
| Delay in signing the contract for a long time after the referral by the authorities related to the signature | S45 |
| Lack of the specialists for the bidding analysis committees, and lack of clarity of the approval controls to trade-off between the companies | S46 |
| Lack of precise criteria for referral and therefore referral to the lowest price | S47 |
|
| Executing & Monitoring Process Group | S5 | General conditions of the civil engineering do not apply to all the fields | S51 |
| Inefficient residents, engineers, and supervisors in the projects | S52 |
| Inefficient Executing companies | S53 |
| Inefficiency of staff in spite of the development in the construction industry | S54 |
| Monopoly ( making the tests in one laboratory) | S55 |
| Adoption of the general contracting method continuously in spite of problems caused by unsuitability circumstances of the country | S56 |
| Security conditions in some areas of the country and political or tribal interference | S57 |
| Holidays and events that reduce the work days per year as well as the weather conditions | S58 |
| Monitoring and controlling projects were done without using modern software | S59 |
| Time schedule was not updated regularly and continuously | S510 |
| Large number of the regular and frequent field visits for propaganda or advertising purposes | S511 |
| Occurrence of many change orders during construction – executing | S512 |
| Delays cash flow for contractors | S513 |
|
| Close Process Group | S6 | Problems in the calculations and measurement | S61 |
| Delay penalties | S62 |
| Leniency with the executing company if there is a defect in the executed projects and no reaction is taken for the defect diagnosing | S63 |
| Slow progress in the formation of technical committees | S64 |
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