Design Tools for Bolted End-Plate Beam-to-Column Joints

Figure 5

Normalized stiffness (a), normalized resistance (b), and failure modes for the first (c) and the second bolt row (d) of extended end-plate connections (column shape: HEM 280; beam shape: IPE 500; steel grade S275; bolt grade 8.8) [7].

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)