Review Article

Sustainable and Dynamic Competitiveness towards Technological Leadership of Industry 4.0: Implications for East African Community

Table 8

Manufacturing USA institutes and the technology areas.

S/NTechnologyInstitutesReferences

1Additive manufacturingAmerican Makes: the National Additive Manufacturing Institute[158161]
2Digital manufacturing and designDMDII: Digital Manufacturing and Design Institute or MxD: Manufacturing times Digital[162]
3Lightweight metals manufacturingLIFT: Lightweight Innovation For Tomorrow[163, 164]
4Wide bandgap power electronics manufacturingPowerAmerica: the Next Generation of Power Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute[165]
5Fiber-reinforced polymer compositesIACMI: Institute for Advanced Composite Manufacturing[166]
6Integrated photonics manufacturingAIM Photonics: American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics[167, 168]
7Manufacturing thin flexible electronics devices and sensorsNextFlex: America’s Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Institute[169]
8Fiber materials and manufacturing processAFFOA: Advanced Functional Fabric of America Institute[170, 171]
9Smart manufacturingCESMII: Clean Energy Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute[172, 173]
10Biofabrication and manufacturingBioFabUSA: Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute (ARMI)[174]
11Robotic manufacturingARM: Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing Institute[175]
12Biopharmaceutical manufacturingNIIBML: National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals[176]
13Molecular chemical process intensification for clean manufacturingRAPID: Rapid Advancement in Process Intensification Deployment Institute[177]
14Sustainable reduction of carbon emission and manufacturing with clean energyREMADE: Reducing Embodied-energy and Decreasing Emissions[178, 179]