Effect of Emission Penalty and Annual Interest Rate on Cogeneration of Electricity, Heat, and Hydrogen in Karachi: 3E Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis

Table 2

Specifications and price of equipment.

Component	Cost ($)			Specifications
	Capital	Replacement	Operation and maintenance
PV [69]	2000	2000	10	Lifetime: 25 years
				Derating factor: 80%
				Slope: 24.15^o
Wind turbine [70]	5000	4000	50	Type: WES 5 Tulipo
				Rated power: 2.5 kW AC
				Lifetime: 25 years
				Hub height: 25 m
				Cut-in speed: 2 m/s
Battery [70]	1200	1100	50	Type: Surrette 6CS25P
				Lifetime: 9645 kWh
Converter [69]	300	300	0	Lifetime: 20 years
				Inverter efficiency: 95%
				Rectifier efficiency: 95%
Fuel cell [71]	3000	2500	0.02	Lifetime: 40000 h
				Min. load ratio: 25%
				Efficiency: 90%
				Heat recovery ratio: 25%
Electrolyzer [71]	500	250	10	Lifetime: 20 years
				Min. load ratio: 0%
				Efficiency: 85%
Hydrogen tank [69]	574	574	10	Lifetime: 25 years
				Initial tank level: 20%
Boiler [72]	—	—	—	Efficiency: 85%
				Carbon monoxide 6.5 g/L
				Unburned hydrocarbons 0.72 g/L
				Particulate matter 0.49 g/L
				Fuel sulfur converted to PM 2.2%
				Nitrogen oxides 58 g/L