Seismic Behaviour of Buried Pipelines: 3D Finite Element Approach

Table 1

Material properties of soil and pipeline.

Parameters	Sand	Gravel	Steel pipe
Modulus of elasticity (𝐸), kN/m^2	3500	18000	200000000
Poisson’s ratio (𝜈)	0.35	0.33	0.3
Unit weight (𝛾), kN/m^3	18	19.5	75
Cohesion (𝑐), kN/m^2	0	0	—
Frictional angle (𝜙)	25	40	—
Model type	Mohr-Coulomb	Mohr-Coulomb	Elastic