Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier: A New Analog Building Block for Signal Processing

Table 3

Comparative study of the available similar type of single-active-element-based VM filters.

Reference	Active element used and number of passive components	Grounded passive components	Availability of LP, HP, BP, notch, and AP responses	Number of available simultaneous responses	No inversion of input voltage	No requirement of gain of input signal such as 2𝑉in and 3𝑉in	Tunability	No matching condition
[11]	CCCCTA, 2	No	All	1	No	No	Yes	No
[15]	DVCCCTA, 2	Yes	2	2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
[18]	DBTA, 5	No	LP, HP, BP, Notch	1	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
[19]	DBTA,4	No	All	2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Proposed	DDCCTA, 3	Yes	LP, HP, BP	3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

LP: low pass; HP: high pass; BP: band pass; Notch: notch response; AP: all pass.