Performance Comparison of Doppler Scale Estimation Methods for Underwater Acoustic OFDM

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">System parameters</td><td align="center"> CP-OFDM</td><td align="center"> ZP-OFDM</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"> Center frequency: <svg height="14.5875" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.275 14.5875" width="14.275" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.33)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑓</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.01,60.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">c</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></td><td align="center"> 13 kHz</td><td align="center"> 13 kHz</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Bandwidth: <svg height="10.325" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.625 10.325" width="11.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐵</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></td><td align="center"> 4.88 kHz</td><td align="center"> 4.88 kHz</td></tr><tr><td align="left"># of subcarriers:</td><td align="center"><span style="width: 60.962502px;"><svg height="14.9375" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.962502 14.9375" width="60.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.05)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐾</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.22)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">0</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.08,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">5</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center"><span style="width: 62.674999px;"><svg height="10.9125" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 62.674999 10.9125" width="62.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐾</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.282507" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.534004" y="0">2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.785507" y="0">4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Time duration:</td><td align="center"><svg height="14.875" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.787498 14.875" width="79.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.1)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑇</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">0</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.73,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0">4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.794889" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.920639" y="0">8</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.172138" y="0">6</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>ms</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.0375" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.6875 11.0375" width="73.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑇</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0">2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.883369" y="0">9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.134869" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.26062" y="0">7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.512119" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>ms</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Guard interval:</td><td align="center"><svg height="16.975" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.112503 16.975" width="65.112503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.975)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑇</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">c</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0">p</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.84,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">0</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>ms</td><td align="center"><svg height="16.987499" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.162498 16.987499" width="64.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.9875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.41)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑇</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">g</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.73,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.66914" y="0">3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>ms</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Performance Comparison of Doppler Scale Estimation Methods for Underwater Acoustic OFDM 