Experienced Poor Lighting Contributes to the Seasonal Fluctuations in Weight and Appetite That Relate to the Metabolic Syndrome

Table 1

Determinants of the metabolic and mental factors of the Global Seasonality Score on Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire.

	Global Seasonality Score
	The metabolic factor				The mental factor
Explanatory variable	Estimate	Standard error	𝑡 value	𝑃 value	Estimate	Standard error	𝑡 value	𝑃 value
Waist circumference	0.0072	0.00095	7.59	<.0001	−0.0011	0.00093	−1.16	.25
Pelvic circumference	0.015	0.0016	9.46	<.0001	0.0019	0.0013	1.48	.14
Female sex	reference				reference
Male sex	−0.20	0.025	−8.01	<.0001	−0.14	0.023	−6.29	<.0001
Normal self-reported lighting at home	reference				reference
Poor self-reported lighting at home	0.41	0.097	4.20	<.0001	0.14	0.084	1.62	.11
Low GHQ-12 sum score	reference				reference
High GHQ-12 sum score	0.17	0.036	4.65	<.0001	0.52	0.037	13.80	<.0001
Low BDI sum score	reference				reference
Medium BDI sum score	0.13	0.030	4.21	<.0001	0.34	0.029	11.73	<.0001
High BDI sum score	0.31	0.056	5.48	<.0001	0.72	0.051	14.11	<.0001
No metabolic syndrome	reference				reference
Metabolic syndrome	0.15	0.030	4.94	<.0001	0.020	0.024	0.85	.40
No major depressive disorder	reference				reference
Major depressive disorder	0.24	0.065	3.70	.00022	0.49	0.047	10.43	<.0001
No diagnosis	reference				reference
Alcohol use disorder	−0.00085	0.075	−0.011	.99	0.37	0.055	6.64	<.0001
Depressive disorder	0.21	0.071	2.90	.0037	0.47	0.054	8.73	<.0001
Anxiety disorder	0.058	0.085	0.68	.50	0.31	0.072	4.26	<.0001
Comorbid condition	0.25	0.11	2.35	.019	0.74	0.092	8.03	<.0001

GHQ-12 = 12-item General Health Questionnaire; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory.