Cadmium Exposure and Pancreatic Cancer in South Louisiana

Table 3

(a) Means, estimates, and significance levels for potential cadmium exposures on urinary cadmium concentrations. (b) Means, estimates, and significance levels for potential dietary cadmium sources on urinary cadmium concentrations.

(a)   

Exposure	Weekly servings	Creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium (𝜇g/g creatinine)
		Mean	Coefficient^a	𝑃 value
Tobacco use
	Never	0.4764	ref
Cigarette smoking	Former	0.5599	0.9923	0.9705
	Current	1.1647	2.1871	0.0013
Pack years	0	0.4764	ref
	>0–<40	0.5892	1.0813	0.6806
	≥40–<80	1.1207	1.4802	0.1229
	≥80	1.2859	2.1231	0.0242
Residential
Drank well water	No	0.6686	ref
	Yes	0.5620	0.7603	0.1138
Ever lived on any farm	No	0.5901	ref
	Yes	0.6769	1.1257	0.4449
Resided w/in 1 mile of refinery	No	0.6099	ref
	Yes	1.3879	2.5056	0.0052
Occupational
Any pesticides	No	0.6211	ref
	Yes	0.7567	1.2395	0.3424
Cadmium	No	0.6291	ref
	Yes	1.5530	4.7979	0.0117
Paints	No	0.6064	ref
	Yes	0.7131	1.6692	0.0057
Worked in shipyard	No	0.6234	ref
	Yes	1.1034	2.2175	0.0403
Worked in refinery	No	0.6315	ref
	Yes	0.9328	1.7401	0.2584
Pipefitter, plumber or welder	No	0.6342	ref
	Yes	0.7069	1.3642	0.3775

(b)  

Food	Weekly servings	Creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium (𝜇g/g creatinine)
		Mean	Coefficient^a	𝑃 value	Test for trend
All shellfish	<0.5	0.5910	ref
	≥0.5–<1	0.7460	1.2048	0.4957
	≥1–<2	0.6335	1.1813	0.4751
	≥2	0.6304	1.1845	0.4311	0.6251
All seafood	<0.5	0.8146	ref
	≥0.5–<1	0.5582	0.7748	0.4658
	≥1–<3	0.6317	0.9090	0.7416
	≥3	0.6347	0.9514	0.8648	0.6586
Beef	<1	0.6552	ref
	≥1–<3	0.5571	0.8778	0.5393
	≥3–<6	0.6778	1.0781	0.7274
	≥6	0.7094	1.2335	0.4129	0.2175
Pork	<2	0.5437	ref
	≥2–<5	0.6688	1.1852	0.3826
	≥5–<8	0.5010	0.8883	0.6092
	≥8	0.9080	1.5445	0.0620	0.1490
All red meat	<4	0.5488	ref
	≥4–<8	0.6807	1.1506	0.4871
	≥8–<12	0.5678	0.9704	0.8926
	≥12	0.7709	1.5221	0.0688	0.0867
Rice	<1	0.5055	ref
	≥1–<5	0.6323	1.1886	0.4283
	≥5–<10	0.7591	1.1673	0.5356
	≥10	0.6518	1.2893	0.3280	0.4723
Wheat	<5	0.5381	ref
	≥5–<10	0.5402	1.0538	0.7833
	≥10–<15	0.7042	1.1326	0.5897
	≥15	0.9044	1.7108	0.0105	0.0066
All grains	<10	0.5516	ref
	≥10–<20	0.5297	1.6985	0.6299
	≥20–<30	0.6407	1.8978	0.2120
	≥30	0.8960	2.4498	0.0089	0.0012

^aModels include age at interview, race, gender, body weight, height, pack years, and current smoking status.