Built Environment and Its Influences on Walking among Older Women: Use of Standardized Geographic Units to Define Urban Forms

Table 2

Summary of self-reported daily walking by older women living in Portland metropolitan area according to urban-form cluster.

Urban-form cluster	Number of blocks walked per day
	Mean	Standard deviation	Median	Minimum	Maximum	N
Walking for utilitarian purposes
Cluster 1: central city	6.39	5.68	5	1	48	694
Cluster 2: city periphery	5.76	5.65	4	1	60	573
Cluster 3: suburb	6.67	7.13	4.5	1	48	170
Cluster 4: urban fringe with poor commercial area access	5.65	5.35	4	1	24	20
Cluster 5: urban fringe with poor park area access	6.95	7.60	4	1	36	41
Cluster 6: satellite city	5.33	4.30	5	1	15	9
Walking for leisure purposes
Cluster 1: central city	14.69	10.85	12	1	82	492
Cluster 2: city periphery	13.88	10.30	12	1	72	457
Cluster 3: suburb	14.28	10.52	12	1	48	151
Cluster 4: urban fringe with poor commercial area access	9.79	8.40	8	1	24	14
Cluster 5: urban fringe with poor park area access	11.66	8.55	10	1	36	29
Cluster 6: satellite city	15.00	10.20	13.5	5	28	6
Walking for leisure and utilitarian purposes combined, excluding those who do not walk regularly
Cluster 1: central city	14.60	13.36	11	1	102	799
Cluster 2: city periphery	13.98	12.88	10	1	96	690
Cluster 3: suburb	15.59	13.45	12	1	66	211
Cluster 4: urban fringe with poor commercial area access	10.00	9.65	5	1	30	25
Cluster 5: urban fringe with poor park area access	13.84	11.12	12	1	44	45
Cluster 6: satellite city	13.80	11.83	9.5	2	36	10
Walking for leisure and utilitarian purposes combined, including those who do not walk regularly
Cluster 1: central city	13.24	13.41	9	0	102	881
Cluster 2: city periphery	12.26	12.91	8	0	96	787
Cluster 3: suburb	13.43	13.60	9	0	66	245
Cluster 4: urban fringe with poor commercial area access	8.93	9.63	4.5	0	30	28
Cluster 5: urban fringe with poor park area access	12.22	11.37	10	0	44	51
Cluster 6: satellite city	10.62	11.90	6	0	36	13