Cigarette Design Features in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries

Table 2

ANOVA, basic differences in physical parameters by income group.

	Income group	Mean	Standard error	Minimum	Maximum	ANOVA	𝑃
Cigarette length	Low	79.45	1.24	66.57	84.16	𝐹(2,108)=7.010	0.001
	Middle	82.77	0.34	78.61	93.87
	High	83.80	1.04	71.79	99.08
Rod diameter	Low	7.59	0.02	7.34	7.91	𝐹(2,108)=0.079	0.924
	Middle	7.56	0.02	6.84	8.02
	High	7.54	0.17	2.88	8.02
Filter diameter	Low	7.58	0.02	7.20	7.77	𝐹(2,108)=0.326	0.723
	Middle	7.60	0.02	6.81	7.85
	High	7.50	0.18	2.55	7.82
Tobacco length	Low	61.51	0.56	56.96	68.58	𝐹(2,108)=0.845	0.432
	Middle	60.46	0.49	54.15	70.27
	High	60.40	0.88	50.21	72.46
Length of tipping paper	Low	25.70	0.76	18.39	32.65	𝐹(2,105)=4.805	0.010
	Middle	27.98	0.48	15.32	36.40
	High	28.93	0.87	18.94	38.30
Filter length	Low	19.92	0.90	8.94	27.23	𝐹(2,97)=2.552	0.083
	Middle	22.89	0.88	11.04	63.26
	High	21.44	0.71	14.94	26.95
Filter weight	Low	0.1029	0.0055	0.0458	0.1547	𝐹(2,97)=4.263	0.017
	Middle	0.1178	0.0028	0.0600	0.1556
	High	0.1172	0.0037	0.0895	0.1585
Number of vent rows	Low	0.33	0.19	0.00	4.00	𝐹(2,93)=6.226	0.003
	Middle	1.00	0.15	0.00	4.00
	High	1.46	0.30	0.00	6.00
Per-cigarette tobacco weight	Low	0.6928	0.0075	0.62	0.77	𝐹(2,108)=3.324	0.040
	Middle	0.6581	0.0116	0.52	1.16
	High	0.6486	0.0099	0.55	0.75
Ventilation (%)	Low	7.49	2.3595	0.00	42.22	𝐹(2,105)=2.299	<0.001
	Middle	15.34	1.6746	0.00	39.54
	High	26.21	3.3641	0.76	68.20
Paper porosity	Low	35.01	3.16	15.74	80.05	𝐹(2,106)=5.18	0.008
	Middle	44.09	2.40	15.88	81.57
	High	48.47	2.21	31.42	72.41