Patterns of Tobacco Use and Dual Use in US Young Adults: The Missing Link between Youth Prevention and Adult Cessation
Table 3
Relative risk ratios (RRRs)1 of tobacco product use compared to no tobacco use (weighted ).
Cigarettes-only versus no tobacco use
Cigarettes and other tobacco products versus no tobacco use
Other tobacco products only versus no tobacco use
RRR
(95% CI)
RRR
(95% CI)
RRR
(95% CI)
Age
18–24
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
25–34
1.48
(1.07–2.06)*
1.60
(1.03–2.49)*
0.84
(0.47–1.50)
Gender
Male
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Female
1.29
(0.96–1.73)
0.51
(0.34–0.76)**
0.17
(0.08–0.35)**
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Black, non-Hispanic
0.74
(0.45–1.20)
1.06
(0.60–1.90)
0.39
(0.20–0.78)*
Other, non-Hispanic
0.84
(0.44–1.61)
0.42
(0.14–1.25)
0.67
(0.14–3.27)
Hispanic
0.38
(0.25–0.59)**
0.45
(0.25–0.79)*
0.56
(0.26–1.23)
Education
Less than high school
2.42
(1.53–3.83)**
2.00
(1.05–3.81)*
0.24
(0.04–1.47)
High school
2.06
(1.44–2.95)**
1.41
(0.87–2.29)
1.04
(0.52–2.08)
Some college
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Bachelor’s degree
0.42
(0.25–0.73)*
0.34
(0.16–0.68)*
0.27
(0.12–0.58)**
Graduate or professional degree
0.32
(0.16–0.63)**
0.19
(0.07–0.51)**
0.09
(0.03–0.26)**
Current employment status
Work full time (35 hours/week or more)
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Work part time (15–34 hours/week)
0.78
(0.48–1.24)
1.02
(0.57–1.85)
0.88
(0.42–1.87)
Work part time (less than 15 hours/week)
1.18
(0.70–1.99)
1.74
(0.80–3.81)
0.56
(0.13–2.46)
Do not currently work for pay
0.71
(0.50–1.01)
0.87
(0.52–1.45)
0.71
(0.35–1.42)
Financial situation
Live comfortably
0.61
(0.38–0.98)*
0.80
(0.44–1.46)
1.26
(0.63–2.49)
Meet needs with a little left
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Just meet basic expenses
1.67
(1.20–2.33)*
1.25
(0.76–2.08)
1.15
(0.57–2.33)
Do not meet basic expenses
2.79
(1.72–4.51)**
2.06
(1.03–4.14)*
0.65
(0.22–1.90)
*
, **. 1Relative risk ratios were calculated using multinomial logistic regression and are adjusted for survey weights and all other variables in the model.
