Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Associated Disorders and Mechanisms of Action

Table 4

Some epidemiological studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Exposure	Study population	Relative risk or odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	Main strengths	Main limitations	Reference
Ecological studies
Residing in vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators with high dioxin emission levels	Population of four French administrative department (Isère, Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin, Tarn)	RR for living in highly exposed area compared to living in slightly exposed area: .120 (1.002–1.251)	High number of cases. Acceptable characterization of environmental exposure	Limited correction for confounding (only on geographical block level)	[141]
Case control studies
𝛽-hexachlorocyclohexane		OR per 10 ng/g serum lipid: 1.05 (1.00–1.12)
p,p^′ dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)		OR per 10 ng/g serum lipid: OR = 1.20 (1.01–1.45)
Dioxins	Neighbors of a French municipal solid waste incinerator	OR per pg WHO1998-TEQ/g lipid.: 1.12 (1.03–1.26) P < 0.01	Measurement of personal internal exposure. Adequate correction for confounders	Only 34 cases and 34 controls	[142]
Furans		OR per pg WHO1998-TEQ/g lipid. 1.16 (1.03–1.35) P = 0.01
Dioxin-like PCBs		OR per pg WHO1998-TEQ/g lipid.: 1.04 (1.00–1.07) P = 0.02
Non-dioxin-like PCBs		OR per 10 ng/g serum lipid: 1.02c (1.01–1.05) P = 0.01