Religion, Acculturation, and Incarceration: Determinants of Substance Use among Hispanic Adults in the United States

Table 2

Multivariable logistic regression odds ratio (and 95% CI) of substance use among Hispanic adults, NSDUH 2012.

	Lifetime substance use	Substance use in past year	Substance use in past month
Age (years) Ref. = 18–34
35–49	0.83 (0.63, 1.10)	0.61 (0.44, 0.86)**	0.55 (0.35, 0.89)*
50–64	0.80 (0.57, 1.12)	0.26 (0.14, 0.51)***	0.47 (0.20, 1.07)
65 or more	0.21 (0.10, 0.45)***	NR	NR
Gender Ref. = Male
Female	0.61 (0.51, 0.75)***	0.74 (0.58, 0.93)*	0.77 (0.59, 1.02)
Marital status Ref. = not currently married
Currently married	0.79 (0.64, 0.97)*	0.53 (0.40, 0.70)***	0.47 (0.30, 0.73)**
Poverty Ref. < 100% FPL
100–199% FPL	1.06 (0.82, 1.37)	0.90 (0.66, 1.22)	0.83 (0.53, 1.28)
≥200% FPL	1.48 (1.15, 1.90)**	0.95 (0.72, 1.25)	0.97 (0.62, 1.54)
Education Ref. = less than high school
High school graduate	1.32 (1.06, 1.64)*	1.05 (0.73, 1.51)	0.96 (0.65, 1.42)
Some college	1.54 (1.21, 1.95)**	0.97 (0.71, 1.33)	0.80 (0.53, 1.20)
College graduate	1.32 (0.88, 1.98)	0.93 (0.60, 1.45)	0.90 (0.43, 1.86)
Employment status Ref. = currently unemployed
Currently employed	1.22 (1.00, 1.47)*	0.96 (0.74, 1.26)	0.84 (0.60, 1.18)
Lifetime major depressive episode Ref. = No
Yes	2.97 (2.03, 4.33)***	2.22 (1.58, 3.13)***	1.75 (1.09, 2.83)*
Religious beliefs influence life Ref. = strongly disagree/disagree
Strongly agree/agree	0.72 (0.58, 0.91)*	0.63 (0.49, 0.82)**	0.59 (0.43, 0.81)**
Language of interview Ref. = English
Spanish	0.29 (0.23, 0.37)***	0.33 (0.22, 0.51)***	0.30 (0.17, 0.53)***
Incarceration Ref. = never booked/arrested
Ever booked/arrested	5.25 (3.94, 7.00)***	2.45 (1.85, 3.24)***	3.08 (2.21, 4.29)***

Ref.: reference category; FPL: federal poverty level; CI: confidence interval; NR: not reported due to low sample size.
P <0.05*, <0.005**, and <0.0001***.