Environmental and Organizational Factors Associated with Elbow/Forearm and Hand/Wrist Disorder among Sewing Machine Operators of Garment Industry in Ethiopia
Table 7
Multivariate analysis for factors associated with hands/wrist MS disorders among sewing machine operators in Galan City, Oromia Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, 2012.
Category of variables
Hand/wrist disorder
Yes (%)
No (%)
COR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Sex
Male
31 (59.6)
21 (40.4)
2.79 (1.9–6.4)
2.9 (1.3–6.4)*
Female
128 (34.6)
242 (65.4)
1.00
1.00
Educational level
Illiterate
18 (40.0)
27 (60.0)
0.60 (0.25–1.41)
Primary school
56 (41.5)
79 (58.5)
0.64 (0.32–1.29)
Secondary school
63 (31.5)
137 (68.5)
0.41 (0.21–0.82)
Higher education
22 (52.4)
20 (47.6)
1.00
Monthly salary
<700 ETB (<35.5 US dollar)
35 (25.4)
103 (74.6)
0.26 (0.11–0.58)
0.34 (0.14–0.85)*
700–900 ETB (35.5–45.5US dollar)
106 (42.1)
146 (57.9)
0.56 (0.26–1.18)
0.66 (0.28–1.52)
>900 ETB (>45.5 US dollar)
18 (56.3)
14 (43.7)
1.00
1.00
Year of service in garment
1–5 years
86 (31.8)
184 (68.1)
1.00
1.00
6–10 years
50 (42.4)
68 (57.6)
1.57 (1.00–2.45)
1.14 (0.70–1.86)
11–15 years
6 (54.5)
5 (45.5)
2.56 (0.76–8.64)
1.83 (0.47–7.03)
≥16 years
17 (73.9)
6 (26.1)
6.06 (2.30–15.91)
4.09 (1.48–11.24)*
Physical activities
None
130 (36.7)
224 (63.3)
1.57 (0.64–3.84)
3.41 (1.11–10.44)*
Once per week
18 (62.1)
11 (37.9)
4.44 (1.41–13–97)
5.34 (1.44–19.76)*
Two times per week
4 (30.8)
9 (69.2)
1.20 (0.28–5.20)
1.26 (0.24–6.41)
≥3 times per week
7 (26.9)
19 (73.1)
1.00
1.00
Smoking behaviour
None
139 (34.9)
256 (64.8)
1.00
Past smoker
10 (71.4)
4 (28.6)
4.60 (1.41–14.95)
Current smoker
10 (76.90
3 (23.1)
6.13 (1.66–22.67)
Employment status
Temporary
18 (72.0)
7 (28.0)
4.66 (1.90–11.44)
3.39 (1.24–9.25)*
Permanent
141 (35.5)
256 (64.5)
1.00
1.00
Payment method
Hourly payment
102 (32.6)
211 (67.4)
1.00
1.00
Piece rate payment
57 (52.3)
52 (47.7)
2.26 (1.45–3.53)
1.78 (1.08–2.93)*
Training on health and safety
Yes
11 (64.7)
6 (35.3)
1.00
No
148 (36.5)
257 (63.5)
3.18 (1.15–8.78)
AOR: adjusted odds ratio, COR: crude odd ratio, ETB: Ethiopian Birr, US: United States, value < 0.05.