Research Article
Air Quality and Respiratory Health among Adolescents from the United Arab Emirates
Table 3
Associations between socioeconomic and demographic factors and respiratory conditions and symptoms among UAE adolescents (
,363).
| | Variable | Classification | Chronic bronchitis
() | Emphysema
() | Asthma
() | Wheeze
() | Dry cough
(,125) | | (%)a | (%)a | (%)a | (%)a | (%)a |
| | Sex | | | | | | | | Female | 59 (1.7) | 8 (0.2) | 387 (11.1) | 405 (11.9) | 1277 (37.7) | | Male | 56 (2.0) | 20 (0.7) | 389 (13.7) | 335 (12.5) | 848 (31.1) |
| | School | | | | | | | | Public | 68 (1.8) | 19 (0.5) | 536 (13.9) | 399 (10.8) | 1273 (34.1) | | Private | 47 (1.9) | 9 (0.4) | 240 (9.8) | 342 (14.3) | 852 (35.9) |
| | Born in UAE | | | | | | | | No | 29 (1.9) | 8 (0.5) | 142 (9.3) | 187 (12.5) | 475 (32.0) | | Yes | 79 (1.7) | 16 (0.3) | 615 (13.1) | 528 (11.8) | 1607 (35.5) |
| | Ethnicity | | | | | | | | UAE | 60 (2.0) | 18 (0.6) | 424 (13.9) | 341 (11.7) | 1045 (35.4) | | GCC | 9 (2.6) | 2 (0.6) | 56 (15.7) | 31 (9.6) | 118 (35.1) | | Arab/Middle East | 20 (2.1) | 4 (0.4) | 106 (10.9) | 119 (12.5) | 328 (34.7) | | Arab/Africa | 10 (1.6) | 1 (0.2) | 81 (13.0) | 77 (12.7) | 215 (35.3) | | South East Asia | 9 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 74 (7.1) | 134 (1.1) | 332 (32.8) | | Western | 5 (6.3) | 1 (1.3) | 11 (13.6) | 10 (12.5) | 27 (35.1) | None/
other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 7 (9.1) | 8 (11.4) | 22 (30.1) |
| | Father graduated from high school | | | | | | | | No | 42 (2.0) | 12 (0.6) | 249 (11.6) | 218 (10.7) | 751 (36.4) | | Yes | 50 (1.7) | 9 (0.3) | 353 (12.0) | 343 (12.0) | 941 (32.9) |
| | Mother graduated from high school | | | | | | | | No | 47 (1.8) | 13 (0.5) | 314 (12.1) | 277 (11.2) | 901 (35.9) | | Yes | 43 (1.7) | 9 (0.4) | 295 (11.8) | 294 (12.0) | 806 (33.0) |
| | Monthly household income (AED) | <2 K | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.9) | 21 (13.0) | 24 (15.3) | 48 (31.2) | | >2 and ≤5 K | 14 (1.6) | 5 (0.6) | 115 (12.9) | 100 (11.5) | 293 (33.9) | | >5 and ≤8 K | 9 (1.4) | 2 (0.3) | 70 (0.3) | 70 (10.8) | 229 (34.8) | | >8 and ≤10 K | 8 (1.7) | 2 (0.4) | 46 (9.8) | 46 (10.2) | 169 (36.7) | | >10 and ≤12 K | 6 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (11.4) | 40 (11.8) | 118 (34.8) | | >12 and ≤15 K | 9 (2.9) | 2 (0.6) | 43 (13.5) | 40 (12.9) | 96 (30.8) | | >15 and ≤20 K | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (10.8) | 31 (11.1) | 106 (37.3) | | >20 K | 19 (2.7) | 2 (0.3) | 93 (13.1) | 95 (14.1) | 256 (37.3) |
| | Residential property tenure | | | | | | | | Own | 48 (1.8) | 12 (0.5) | 325 (12.1) | 282 (11.0) | 897 (34.7) | | Rent | 40 (1.6) | 7 (0.3) | 314 (12.2) | 309 (12.4) | 855 (34.3) |
| | Residential crowding | No | 19 (1.4) | 3 (0.2) | 162 (12.1) | 132 (10.1) | 441 (33.8) | | Yes | 26 (1.3) | 8 (0.4) | 230 (11.2) | 198 (10.0) | 670 (33.6) |
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Prevalence %; ; ; . Note: may not add up due to missing data.
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