Author/yrs. Response rate/sampling method Population Outcome Prevalence female% Tools Age group/sample size/% female Location 1 Mahfouz et al., 2014 [20 ] 91.80%/the sample was stratified first according to the three institutions and then by colleges, and, finally, clusters of classes were randomly selected from each stratum Students Smoking 4.6% WHO | Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) 6 17–24/3764/35.7% South 2 Khalaf et al., 2014 [21 ] n/a/randomly selected female university students, multistage stratified random selection procedure Students Obesity 17.9% overweight Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) 7 Mean age of 20.4/663 female students (100% female) South 3 Ibrahim et al., 2014 [22 ] n/a/multistage stratified random sample method was used Students (1) HTN (1) HTN = 5.8% (i) JNC-7 7 20–28 years/214 (75.2% females) West (2) FBS (2) High fasting level = 2.1% (3) Obesity (3) Overweight, 16.2 female 4 AlSwuailem et al., 2014 [23 ] 67%/all register dental students in university Students Smoking Female 2.4% WHO-Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaires 5 19–22 years old and above/400/42.5% female Central 5 Khalaf et al., 2013 [24 ] n/a/random multistage stratification Students Physically inactive 57% inactive. Arab Teens Life Style questionnaire (ATLS) 6 Mean age was 20.4 years/663/100% South 6 Koura et al., 2012 [25 ] 97.6%/n/a Students (1) HTN (1) 10/370 = 2.7% (i) (WHOSTEPS) 6 <20 and >20/370/100% East (2) DM (2) 4/370 = 1.0% (3) Smoking (3) 5/370 = 1.35% (4) Obesity (4) Overweight/obesity: 29.1% (5) High cholesterol (5) 3.24% (tc > 200) (6) Physically inactive (6) 53.2% calculated 7 Azhar and Alsayed, 2012 [26 ] 96.9%/randomly distributed among female students Students Smoking 4.2% Global tobacco survey (GATS) 3 18–25/310/100% West 8 Allam et al., 2012 [27 ] 97%/randomization through computer number Students (1) Obesity (1) Overweight:female 22/100 = 22 female 6/100 = 6 International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) 5 18–26/394/50.7% North/west (2) Physically inactive (2) Physically inactive: female 65/100 = 65 9 Abolfotouh et al., 2012 [28 ] n/a/n/a Students (1) Obesity (1) Overweight: female 22.3% n/a 3 18–26 years/501/23.55% Central (2) HTN (2) HTN = 13.6% (3) High cholesterol (3) High TCh female = 0.9% 10 Wali, 2011 [29 ] n/a/n/a Students Smoking 9.1 Self-administered, Global Adult Tobacco Survey based questionnaire 5 <22–>24/643,411/(69%) females West 11 Mandil et al., 2010 [30 ] 90%/sample was stratified according to college, and then clusters of classes Students Smoking 5.9% 5 17–25/6793/55.5% Central 12 Al Qauhiz, 2010 [31 ] 99.8%/all university students Students Obesity Overweight = 31.4% n/a 5 22–24/799/100% Central 13 Subhan et al., 2009 [32 ] 84%/all students in medical science Students Smoking 12/305 female = 3.9% n/a 4 18–37/941/69% Central 14 Al-Turki and Al-Rowais, 2008 [33 ] 75.4%/all female students in medicine school Students Smoking Current: 8/337 = 2.4% n/a 1 n/a/337/100% Central 15 Merdad et al., 2007 [34 ] 95.5%/all students Students Smoking 11% Self-administered, Global Adult Tobacco Survey based questionnaire 5 18–26 years old/1050/100% West 16 Hashim, 2000 [35 ] 91%/random Students Smoking 9% n/a 2 18–26/647/40.8% (264) Central 17 Amin et al., 2014 [36 ] 33.1%/all university’s employees were eligible Employees (1) HTN (1) 21.2% World Health Organization STEPwise 7 24–63/691/28.7% (F ( East (2) DM (2) 4% (3) Obesity (3) Overweight 38.4% (4) High cholesterol (4) 20.2% 18 Rehmani et al., 2013 [37 ] 71.6%/selected households were conducted from May to October 2010 at 2 National Guard housing complexes in the Eastern region Employees (1) HTN (1) HTN = 8.2% Health Measures Survey 6 14–34/2054/42.6% East (2) DM (2) DM = 5.2% (3) Smoking (3) Smoking female 2.1% (4) Obesity + overweight (4) Overweight + obesity = 57.1% (5) High cholesterol (5) High serum lipid = 17.7% (6) Physical activity (6) Practicing physical exercise 51.9% 19 Siddiqui and Ogbeide, 2001 [38 ] 66%/all hospital staff Employees Smoking Female = 8.3% 5 10–51/230/53% Central 20 Abalkhail et al., 2000 [39 ] 76.6%/all university staff and a sample of school workers Employees High cholesterol 9.7% NCEP 5 <35–>+40/1,649/(28.7%) West 21 AlQuaiz et al., 2015 [40 ] 80%/convenience sampling strategy, Saudi women ≥ 30 years of age were invited to participate Leisure places & healthy volunteers (1) HTN (1) HTN: 18.2% Framingham Risk, Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS). 5 ≥30/291/100% Central (2) DM (2) DM: 10% (3) Smoking (3) SMOK: 3.4%. 22 Elkhalifa et al., 2011 [41 ] n/a/randomly selected at a megamall Leisure places & healthy volunteers HTN 49.1% n/a 3 <30–>50/243/53.9% West 23 Al-Daghri et al., 2013 [42 ] n/a/patients were recruited randomly from their homes using the cluster sampling Leisure places & healthy volunteers Mts 55% Metabolic syndrome was determined according to the IDF 4 19–60/185/52.9% Central 24 Habib, 2013 [43 ] n/a/n/a Leisure places & healthy volunteers Obesity Mean = WHO classification BMI 1 18–72/530/31.5% n/a 25 Amin et al., 2014 [44 ] n/a/ten PHCs were randomly selected PCC Physical inactivity 58.5% inactive Assessment of Intentional Leisure Time Physical Activity “ILTPA”: The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) 7 18–78/2127/56% East 26 Ahmed et al., 2014 [45 ] n/a/selected from 30/105 primary health care (PHC) centrals by simple random method PCC Obesity 71% n/a 7 <25–+71/5000/50% North 27 Al-Saleem et al., 2013 [46 ] n/a/all PCCs in Aseer region PCC Obesity Overweight female 29% WHO definition for BMI 5 18–65+/6917 female 3483/(50.4)% South 28 Al-Zahrani, 2011 [47 ] n/a/from patients presented for treatment at KAUFD-female section PCC (1) HTN (1) 18% JNC7 3 18–>50/208/100% West (2) DM (2) 10.6% (3) Smoking (3) 10/208 = 4.8% 29 Alqurashi et al., 2011 [48 ] n/a/all patients attending a primary care clinic PCC (1) DM (1) 27.6% in females IDF 3 12–19 years old, >70/6024/3714 (61.65%) West (2) Obesity (2) Overweight female = 25.5% 30 Ogbeide et al., 2004 [49 ] n/a/all patients above 13 years of age seen by the investigators in Al Kharj Health Centre PCC High cholesterol 43.3% NCEP 4 Above 13-years/994/(54.5%) Central 31 Al-Malki et al., 2003 [50 ] n/a/randomly recruited healthy females PCC obesity Overweight = n/a 3 16–45/600/100% Central 32 Kalantan et al., 2001 [51 ] n/a/randomly from 30 different PCC PCC HTN Female = 29% WHO-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines. 5 >35/1114/672 60% Female Central 33 Abolfotouh et al., 2001 [52 ] 88%/all patients from 3 PCC in south (abha) PCC (1) Central obesity (1) 29.2% n/a 4 >+65/807/31.1% South (2) HTN (2) HTN: female = 28% (3) DM (3) DM: female = 27.1% 34 Siddiqui et al., 2000 [53 ] n/a/randomly selected PCC HTN 3.05% WHO guidelines HTN 1 Mean age of females was 23.76 years/3747/55% Central 35 Karim et al., 2000 [54 ] n/a/randomly from the medical record PCC DM Female 9.6% n/a 2 <16–+75/3747/55.08% Central 36 Al-Humaidi, 2000 [55 ] n/a/3 centrals were randomly selected according to their geographical location in the city, including all patients PCC Obesity Mean BMI 32.15, SD = 1.2 BMI 4 30–70/696/49.6% South 37 Al-Qahtani et al., 2006 [56 ] 74.6%/all Saudi women attending PCC PCC (1) Mts (1) 13.6% NCEP definition NCEP- ATP III/IDF 6 18–59/2577/100% North (2) Abdominal obesity (2) 44.1% NCEP definition 38 Saeed et al., 2011 [57 ] n/a/multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique National HTN Female = 23.9% WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance of (NCD) 7 15–64/4758, 51% All region 39 Soofi and Youssef, 2015 [14 ] Included also in the study were attendees in the 2010 Cultural Festival in Riyadh (1) Smoking (1) 12% Framingham Risk Score 6 20–>60/4932/55% Central (2) Dyslipidimia (2) 18% (3) HTN (3) 32% (4) Obesity (4) 27% (5) DM (5) 28% (6) Physical inactivity (6) 96% 40 Memish et al., 2014 [58 ] 89.4%/Saudi Health Information Survey (SHIS) randomly selected from a national sampling National, Obesity Overweight = 28% WHO, BMI 8 15–65/10,293/53.26% All region 41 El Bcheraoui et al., 2014 [59 ] 89.4%/Saudi Health Information Survey (SHIS), randomly selected from a national sampling National, HTN HTN female = 13% National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for determining blood pressure levels 9 15–65/10,293/53.26% All region 42 Basulaiman et al., 2014 [60 ] 89.4%/Saudi Health Information Survey (SHIS), randomly selected from a national sampling National, High cholesterol 19.6% borderline n/a 8 15 years or older/10,735/49.36% All region 43 Aljohani, 2014 [61 ] 92.6%/multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique National, Mts Female 565/2242 = 25.5% The WHO STEPwise, IDF 8 15–64/4, 406 All region 44 Al-Daghri et al., 2014 [62 ] n/a/participants were part of the Biomarkers Screening Program Database (RIYADH Cohort) patients PHCC which was taken as a cluster All Riyadh region (RIYADH Cohort) (1) HTN (1) HTN = 26% NCEP-ATP III 7 18–70/9,164/51.8% females Central (2) Mts (2) Mts = 40.3% 45 Al-Baghli et al., 2010 [63 ] 93%/community-based screening campaign eastern All eastern region screening campaign DM Female = 18.6% JNC-VII 7 30–+70/197681/49% East 46 Al-Kaabba et al., 2012 [64 ] 94.4%/multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to recruit the study subjects All region High cholesterol Female = 19.9% WHO’s STEPwise of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) ≥15 years/4490/51% were females All region 47 Al-Daghri et al., 2011 [65 ] n/a/patients were recruited randomly from their homes using the cluster All Riyadh region (RIYADH Cohort) Obesity Female = 36.5% (WHO) proposed cut-offs or DMT2 and Seventh Joint National Committee 6 7–80/9,149/(41.4%) 3,792 Central 48 Albedah et al., 2011 [66 ] n/a/patients were recruited randomly from their homes using the cluster All region Smoking 2.9% Standard international questionnaire developed by the BMRB 5 15–≥50/7003/49% All region 49 Al-Turki et al., 2010 [67 ] 93%/community-based screening campaign eastern All eastern region screening campaign Smoking Female 5.0% n/a 5 30 years and above/197,681/49% East 50 Al-Daghri et al., 2010 [68 ] n/a/participants were part of the Biomarkers Screening Program Database (RIYADH Cohort) patients PHCC which was taken as a cluster All Riyadh region (RIYADH Cohort) Mts Female 34.1% NCEP ATP III 6 18–55/2850/53.2% 1515 female Central 51 Al-Baghli et al., 2009 [69 ] 93%/community-based screening campaign eastern All eastern region screening campaign HTN Female = 15.6% JNC7 6 >30/197,681/49% East 52 Al-Turki et al., 2008 [70 ] 93%/community-based screening campaign eastern All eastern region screening campaign HTN Female = 18.1% JNC7 6 >30/197,681/49% East 53 Al-Nozha et al., 2008 [71 ] n/a/subjects were selected using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure, urban and rural being the strata. National, High cholesterol Female TC > 5.2 mmol = 53.2% NCEP, ATP III 8 30–70/16819/52.3% All region 54 Al-Baghli et al., 2008 [72 ] 93%/community-based screening campaign eastern All eastern region screening campaign Obesity Overweight NIH study identifies ideal body mass index 6 >30/195,874/49% East 55 Al-Othaimeen et al., 2007 [73 ] n/a/random house hold selection National, Obesity Overweight World Health Organization (WHO) BMI 5 ≥18/17,892, 51.5% female All region 56 Al-Nozha et al., 2007 [74 ] 98%/subjects were selected using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure, urban and rural being the strata National, Physical inactive 98.1% Metabolic equivalent: MET 6 30–70/17395/52.3% All region 57 Al-Nozha et al., 2007 [75 ] n/a/subjects were selected using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure, urban and rural being the strata National, HTN Female 2148/9006 = 23.9% JNC7 6 30–70/17,230/52.3% All region 58 Al-Nozha et al., 2005 [76 ] n/a/subjects were selected using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure, urban and rural being the strata National, Obesity 31.8% overweight WHO BMI 6 30–70/17,232/52.3% All region 59 Al-Nozha et al., 2005 [77 ] n/a/subjects were selected using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure, urban and rural being the strata National, Mts Female: 22% ATP III 6 30–70/17,232/52% All region 60 Al-Nozha et al., 2004 [78 ] 98.2%/2 stage stratified cluster sampling procedures, urban and rural being the strata National, DM Female: 21.5% ADA, Hg A1C > 7 mmol 6 30–70/17,232/52% All region 61 Moradi-Lakeh et al., 2015 [79 ] 95.88%/Saudi Health Interview Survey was a cross-sectional national multistage survey of individuals aged ≥15, and households were randomly selected from each block National, Smoking Female: 1.1% They asked for current use and current daily smoking of tobacco products 7 49.4% All region
