Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Modifying Effect of Community Violence on the Association between Paternity Status and Preterm Birth

<div>Conceptual model for 3-way interaction effect of community violence and race/ethnicity on the association between paternity status and preterm birth. <svg height="13.7218pt" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.83391pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.88789 61.3175 13.7218" width="61.3175pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z" id="g58-95"></path></g><g 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.927,0)"><path d="M463 437C426 431 375 425 327 422C297 440 264 449 231 449H230C153 449 51 396 51 283C51 215 94 168 139 149C123 129 91 103 51 88C50 78 53 60 62 46C75 25 100 2 136 -9C112 -28 73 -59 53 -79C38 -94 29 -113 29 -135C30 -192 91 -257 203 -257C336 -257 452 -160 452 -59C452 39 371 59 309 59C275 59 240 58 203 58C158 58 140 77 140 96C140 110 157 129 170 138C186 135 205 133 221 133C306 133 396 185 396 293C396 328 384 360 366 381L423 378C439 387 459 413 468 429L463 437ZM219 418C277 418 314 362 314 284C314 205 275 166 231 165C176 165 137 221 137 299C137 376 177 418 219 418ZM241 -11C285 -11 314 -14 339 -24C367 -36 384 -61 384 -95C384 -157 335 -206 240 -206C166 -206 108 -165 108 -110C108 -82 128 -54 154 -32C172 -17 195 -11 241 -11Z" id="g121-101"></path></g></svg> effect of community violence on the association between paternity status and preterm birth. <svg height="15.9917pt" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.834001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 61.9386 15.9917" width="61.9386pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M156 406V710C117 695 54 682 9 675V647C73 642 75 635 75 573V25C131 -2 180 -12 223 -12C359 -12 478 92 478 240C478 357 387 451 278 451C265 451 251 447 236 440L156 406ZM156 373C175 384 208 392 235 392C315 392 387 328 387 214C387 97 332 30 251 31C197 31 170 66 162 84C158 93 156 104 156 118V373Z" id="g58-96"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,5.22,0)"><path d="M861 0V28C774 35 771 41 768 147L759 509C756 612 762 614 851 622V650H681L449 149L221 650H57V622C148 613 153 609 144 479L130 271C123 166 117 123 111 88C104 46 85 34 26 28V0H259V28C192 35 169 42 167 90C166 130 166 173 170 256L185 541H187L411 7H431L675 555H679L683 147C683 41 680 35 598 28V0H861Z" id="g121-75"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.464,0)"><path d="M257 449C165 449 37 374 37 209C37 98 119 -12 256 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429L463 437ZM219 418C277 418 314 362 314 284C314 205 275 166 231 165C176 165 137 221 137 299C137 376 177 418 219 418ZM241 -11C285 -11 314 -14 339 -24C367 -36 384 -61 384 -95C384 -157 335 -206 240 -206C166 -206 108 -165 108 -110C108 -82 128 -54 154 -32C172 -17 195 -11 241 -11Z" id="g121-101"></path></g></svg> effect of maternal race/ethnicity on the modifying effect of community violence.</div>

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Modifying Effect of Community Violence on the Association between Paternity Status and Preterm Birth 