Interactions between Neighbourhood Urban Form and Socioeconomic Status and Their Associations with Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Adults

Table 1

Sample profile of sociodemographic, health, weight status, and neighbourhood environment variables for participants with complete and incomplete data.

Characteristics	Category	Sample with complete data for all variables used in analysis		Census statistics for study neighbourhoods
			Estimate	Estimate
Age in years [mean ± SD]		851	52.8 ± 14.3	39 years (median age)
Sex [%]	Women	851	62.4	50.3% (men ≥ 20 years of age)
	Men		37.6	49.7% (women ≥ 20 years of age)
Ethnicity [%]	White	851	88.4
	Nonwhite		11.6	22.4% visible minority
Highest education achieved [%]	High school or less	851	7.6	36% high school or less
	College		19.2
	University		73.2	63% postsecondary
Gross annual household income [%]	<$60,000	851	10.6	$85,478 (median income)
	60–119,000		30.1
	120,000		44.1
	Do not know/refused		15.3
Marital status [%]	Married/common law	851	77.3	55.6% married
	Other arrangement		22.7
Number of children < 18 years of age [%]	At least one child	851	31.0	47.5% with child at home
	No children		69.0
Dog ownership in the past year [%]	Owner	851	32.7
	Nonowner		67.3
Motor vehicle access [%]	Always/sometimes	851	86.6
	Never/do not drive		13.4
Smoking in the past year [%]	Daily/occasionally	851	5.3
	Not at all		94.7
Sleeping hours/day [mean ± SD]		851	7.3 ± 1.0
Self-reported mental health [mean ± SD]		851	3.9 ± 0.9
Self-reported physical health [mean ± SD]		851	3.8 ± 0.9
Weight modification in the past year [%]	Attempted	851	51.0
	Not attempted		49.0
Waist circumference [mean ± SD]		851	86.5 ± 13.7
Waist-to-hip ratio [mean ± SD]		851	0.88 ± 0.13
Body mass index [mean ± SD]		851	24.9 ± 4.9
Neighbourhood design [%]	Curvilinear	851	33.3
	Warped grid		38.2
	Grid		28.6
Neighbourhood SES quartiles [%]	Disadvantaged	851	13.9
	Somewhat disadvantaged		19.7
	Somewhat advantaged		27.4
	Advantaged		39.0

from the 2014 Calgary Civic Census and estimates based on unweighted average of aggregate data across the 12 study neighbourhoods; SD: standard deviation.