Interactions between Neighbourhood Urban Form and Socioeconomic Status and Their Associations with Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Adults
Table 2
Multivariable linear regression unstandardized beta () coefficients and 95 percent confidence intervals (95 CI) for the associations between weight status and sociodemographic, health, and neighbourhood variables ().
Characteristics
Category
Waist circumference Unstandardized (95 CI)
Waist-to-hip Unstandardized (95 CI)
Body mass index Unstandardized (95 CI)
Model 1
Model 2
Model 1
Model 2
Model 1
Model 2
Intercept
86.76 (83.94, 89.58)
90.02 (81.36, 98.67)
88.89 (87.24, 90.51)
83.08 (76.82, 89.34)
25.84 (24.38, 26.59)
27.04 (23.57, 30.51)
Neighbourhood design
Curvilinear
0.79 (−1.20, 2.79)
−2.31 (−4.89, 0.27)
0.33 (−1.87, 2.54)
0.55 (−0.30, 1.40)
Warped grid
2.22 (−0.15, 4.58)
0.56 (−1.36, 2.47)
−1.54 (−3.46, 0.35)
0.51 (−1.22, 2.25)
0.41 (−0.41, 1.23)
Grid
0
0
0
0
0
Neighbourhood SES quartiles
Advantaged
1.56 (−1.36, 4.49)
−0.67 (−3.10, 1.76)
Somewhat advantaged
−2.86 (−6.22, 0.50)
1.53 (−0.62, 3.69)
0.06 (−2.95, 3.08)
Somewhat disadvantaged
−0.80 (−4.56, 2.96)
−1.86 (−4.84, 1.11)
1.27 (−0.96, 3.50)
0.46 (−2.06, 2.97)
−1.12 (−2.33, 0.09)
Disadvantaged
0
0
0
0
0
0
Age in years
Sex
Men
Women
0
0
0
Ethnicity
Nonwhite
−2.23 (−4.50, 0.04)
2.20 (−0.85, 5.25)
−0.23 (−1.24, 0.78)
White
0
0
0
Highest education achieved
High school or less
−0.52 (−3.38, 2.35)
−0.98 (−2.04, 0.09)
College
1.21 (−0.93, 3.34)
0.79, (−0.72, 2.30)
−0.00 (−0.91, 0.91)
University
0
0
0
Gross annual household income
Do not know/refused
−1.25 (−3.11, 0.61)
−0.46 (−2.03, 1.12)
0.20 (−0.86, 1.26)
<$60,000
0.93 (−1.87, 3.74)
−0.31 (−3.01, 2.40)
0.49 (−0.89, 1.88)
60−119,000
−0.09 (−2.02, 1.84)
1.00 (−0.48, 2.49)
−0.38 (−1.09, 0.34)
≥120,000
0
0
0
Marital status
Married/common law
0.26 (−1.60, 2.12)
−0.36 (−1.99, 1.26)
0.07 (−0.70, 0.85)
Other arrangement
0
0
0
Number of children < 18 years of age
No children
1.46 (−0.29, 3.20)
0.17 (−1.40, 1.74)
At least one child
0
0
0
Dog ownership in the past year
Nonowner
−0.02 (−1.48, 1.45)
−0.27 (−1.77, 1.23)
−0.05 (−0.68, 0.59)
Owner
0
0
0
Motor vehicle access
Never or do not drive
−2.81 (−5.74, 0.12)
1.58 (−1.24, 4.41)
−0.39 (−1.41, 0.64)
Always/sometimes
0
0
0
Smoking in the past year
Daily/occasionally
−1.54 (−5.75, 2.66)
2.82 (−3.16, 8.79)
Not at all
0
0
0
Sleeping hours/day
−0.88 (−1.93, 0.17)
−0.23 (−0.97, 0.51)
−0.12 (−0.51, 0.26)
Self-reported mental health
−0.59 (−2.21, 0.94)
Self-reported physical health
0.82 (−1.76, 0.12)
Weight modification in the past year
Not attempted
Attempted
0
0
0
Model 1 adjusted for neighbourhood street pattern and neighbourhood level socioeconomic status only; Model 2 adjusted for neighbourhood street pattern and neighbourhood level socioeconomic status plus all sociodemographic and health variables; ; to 100 to aid in interpretation of estimates.
