Land Use Land Cover Changes in Detection of Water Quality: A Study Based on Remote Sensing and Multivariate Statistics

Table 6

Varimax rotation PCs for water quality data within Malacca River basin.

Variables (unit)	Principle component
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Turbidity (NTU)	−.084	.761	.020	.162	.154	−.087	−.040
Dissolved solid (mg/l)	.806	−.048	.016	−.087	.093	.111	−.021
Electrical conductivity (uS)	.924	.011	.045	−.034	−.120	.050	.003
Salinity (ppt)	.913	−.018	.010	−.014	.064	.031	.007
Temperature (°C)	.024	−.290	.318	−.370	−.525	.011	−.229
Dissolved oxygen (mg/l)	−.127	.254	−.207	−.184	.051	−.636	−.095
Biological oxygen demand (mg/l)	−.070	−.154	.806	−.074	.089	.053	−.014
Chemical oxygen demand (mg/l)	.233	.186	.781	.087	−.005	.083	.041
Total suspended solid (mg/l)	.056	.816	−.061	−.005	−.181	−.184	−.033
Acidity/alkalinity (pH)	.454	−.009	.198	−.396	−.546	−.084	−.023
Ammoniacal nitrogen (mg/l)	−.149	−.291	.549	−.275	−.124	.385	−.301
E. coli (cfu/100 ml)	.113	−.133	.076	.000	.105	.679	−.047
Coliform (cfu/100 ml)	−.001	−.188	−.019	.178	.500	.602	.497
Arsenic (mg/l)	.130	−.017	.217	−.124	.763	.048	−.155
Mercury (mg/l)	−.001	−.009	.068	−.065	−.064	−.013	.870
Chromium (mg/l)	−.079	.507	−.092	−.113	.008	.015	−.062
Zinc (mg/l)	.089	.080	.014	.855	.059	.056	.106
Iron (mg/l)	−.319	.023	−.056	.746	.018	−.008	−.173
Initial eigenvalue	3.297	2.797	2.357	2.061	1.856	1.821	1.535
% of variance	15.539	10.310	10.115	10.024	8.526	8.088	6.852
Cumulative %	15.539	25.849	35.964	45.987	54.514	62.602	69.455

The bold values are factor loadings above 0.6 that were taken after Varimax rotation is performed.