Safety Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Exposure from Street Foods Consumed in Mid-West Nigeria

Table 3

Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) for adults and children exposed to street-vended foods contaminated with heavy metals in Benin City and Umunede, Mid-Western Nigeria.

Samples	Adult 70 Kg							Children 24 Kg
	Pb	Cd	Hg	Sb	Mn	Al	HI	Pb	Cd	Hg	Sb	Mn	Al	HI
Benin City
Salad	0.1139	ND	ND	ND	ND	7.1E − 5	0.11	0.1837	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.0001	0.18
Jollof rice	0.3896	ND	ND	0.0163	ND	2.5E − 4	0.41	0.6526	ND	ND	0.0272	ND	0.0004	0.68
Meat pie	0.1653	ND	ND	0.0882	0.002	2.2E − 4	0.26	0.2411	ND	ND	0.1286	0.0029	0.0003	0.37
Doughnut	0.1426	ND	ND	0.0156	ND	6.6E − 5	0.16	0.2079	ND	ND	0.0228	ND	1E − 4	0.23
Cake	0.0823	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.08	0.12	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.12
Sausage	0.0956	ND	ND	0.0081	ND	ND	0.1	0.1395	ND	ND	0.0119	ND	ND	0.15
Fried meat	0.2073	0.0032	0.0009	0.1414	0.0023	6.4E − 4	0.36	0.4575	0.007	0.0019	0.3121	0.005	0.0014	0.79
Fried chicken	0.0174	0.0034	ND	0.0799	0.0004	2.3E − 4	0.1	0.0385	0.0076	ND	0.1765	0.0008	0.0005	0.22
Fried turkey	0.0928	0.0026	0.0026	0.0753	0.0002	4.6E − 4	0.17	0.2049	0.0058	0.0058	0.1663	0.0005	0.001	0.38
Edible maggot	0.0092	0.0029	ND	0.0192	0.0006	1.9E − 3	0.03	0.0181	0.0057	ND	0.0378	0.0012	0.0039	0.07
Umunede
Fried fish	0.0689	0.0031	0.0053	0.07	0.0003	1.3E − 3	0.15	0.1135	0.0022	0.0087	0.1154	0.0005	0.0021	0.24
Stewed meat	0.8871	0.0045	0.0123	0.0139	0.0008	4.1E − 3	0.92	1.9581	0.0099	0.0272	0.0306	0.0018	0.009	2.04
Roasted plantain	0.2233	ND	ND	0.015	ND	3.0E − 4	0.24	0.2079	ND	ND	0.014	ND	0.0003	0.22
Roasted yam	0.0909	ND	ND	0.0093	ND	9.0E − 4	0.1	0.0848	ND	ND	0.0087	ND	0.0008	0.09
Spaghetti	0.3033	ND	ND	ND	ND	5.0E − 4	0.3	0.5079	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.0008	0.51
White rice	1.2908	ND	ND	0.1425	ND	1.0E − 4	1.43	2.162	ND	ND	0.2387	ND	0.0002	2.4
Beans	1.7143	ND	ND	0.0175	ND	1.5E − 3	1.73	2.8714	ND	ND	0.0293	ND	0.0025	2.9
Buns	0.0976	ND	ND	ND	ND	4.0E − 4	0.09	0.1423	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.0006	0.14
Moi-moi	1.5459	ND	ND	ND	ND	4.0E − 4	1.55	2.5893	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.0006	2.59
Fried plantain	0.1694	ND	ND	0.0164	ND	2.0E − 4	0.19	0.1581	ND	ND	0.0153	ND	0.0002	0.17

ND = not detected.