Prevalence of HCV Infection in Household Contacts of Chronic Liver Diseases Cases in Egypt
Table 3
Comparison between HCV-positive and HCV-negative household contacts.
Variable
HCV-positive/UD (number = 28)
HCV-negative (number = 112)
OR (95% CI)
Variable
HCV-positive/UD (number = 28)
HCV-negative (number = 112)
OR (95% CI)
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Sex
Females
14
50.0
69
61.61
1.60 (0.64–4.01)
Condom use
No
28
100.0
110
98.21
0 (0–7.84)
Males
14
50.0
43
38.39
Yes
0
0.0
2
1.79
Age (years)
Mean ± SD (range)
47.96 ± 13.87 (16–75)
29.58 ± 15.36 (3–65)
Shaving at community barber (males only)
No
7
25.00
52
46.43
2.6 (0.96–7.79)
Occupation
House wife
7
25.0
32
28.57
1.00
Yes
21
75.0
60
53.57
Specialist
16
57.14
29
25.89
2.52 (0.83–8.25)
Circumcision
By medical personnel
4
14.29
23
20.54
1.00
Medical/paramedical
1
3.57
4
3.57
1.14 (0.02–14.19)
By nonmedical personnel
22
78.57
67
59.82
1.89 (0.55–8.29)
Student
1
3.57
42
37.5
0.11 (0.002–0.94)
No
2
7.14
22
19.64
0.52 (0.04–4.13)
Worker
3
10.71
5
4.46
2.74 (0.34–18.08)
Educational level
Illiterate/read and write
19
67.86
77
68.75
1.00
Nail trimming
Private tool
4
14.29
22
19.64
1.47 (0.44–6.39)
Basic/secondary education
6
21.43
25
22.32
0.97 (0.28–2.91)
Common tools
24
85.71
90
80.36
High education
3
10.71
10
8.93
1.21 (0.19–5.36)
Marital status
Unmarried
4
14.29
46
41.07
4.18 (1.30–17.54)
Smoking shisha
No
27
96.43
107
95.54
0.79 (0.02–7.53)
Married
24
85.71
66
58.93
Yes
1
3.57
5
4.46
Residence
Urban
22
78.57
96
85.71
1.64 (0.47–5.05)
Sharing razors
No
9
32.14
51
45.54
1.76 (0.69–4.82)
Rural
6
21.43
16
14.29
Yes
19
67.86
61
54.46
Relation to cases
Partners
9
32.14
28
25.00
1.00
Exposed to used syringe
No
8
28.57
38
33.93
1.28 (0.48–3.69)
Parents
6
21.43
3
2.68
6.22 (1.02–44.40)
Yes
20
71.43
74
66.07
Sons
3
10.71
69
61.61
0.13 (0.02–0.60)
Exposed to used toothbrush
No
26
92.86
96
85.71
0.46 (0.05–2.18)
Siblings
9
32.14
4
3.57
7.00 (1.45–37.43)
Yes
2
7.14
16
14.29
Others
1
3.57
8
7.14
0.39 (0.01–3.72)
Practice of tattooing
No
27
96.43
99
88.39
0.28 (0.01–2.05)
Crowding index (person/room)
Mean ± SD (range)
1.9 ± 0.6 (0.3–3)
1.67± 0.5 (0.3–3)
Yes
1
3.57
13
11.61
History of blood transfusion
No
21
75.0
106
94.64
5.89 (1.50–23.18)
Exposed to blood
No
19
67.86
97
86.61
3.06 (1.01–8.75)
Yes
7
25.0
6
5.36
Yes
9
32.14
15
13.39
Prior surgical procedures
No
3
10.71
13
11.61
1.09 (0.27–6.43)
History of Bilharziasis
No
22
78.57
106
94.64
4.82 (1.15–19.63)
Yes
25
89.29
99
88.39
Yes
6
21.43
6
5.36
Prior hospitalization
No
16
57.14
82
73.21
2.05 (0.78–5.23)
History of injection treatment for Bilharziasis
No
25
89.29
107
95.54
2.57 (0.37–14.11)
Yes
12
42.86
30
26.79
Yes
3
10.71
5
4.46
UD: undetermined; below detection level in patients who were under treatment for HCV; aStudent t-test; : probability; OR (95% CI): odds ratio (95% confidence interval); ;.